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Paper 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What did allport do

A

Combined both psychodynamic and Behavioural approaches to explain personality

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2
Q

Types of vicarious models

A

Live
Verbal
Symbolic

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3
Q

Name for attention retention motor reproduction and motivation

A

Mediational processes

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4
Q

What caused increase in aggressive behaviour for bobo doll

A

Vicarious reinforcement, models were given positive reinforcement like praise

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5
Q

What percent of abused kids become abusive

A

30%

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6
Q

% schizophrenia:
Adopted kids with schizo parents and disturbed house?
And adopted kid with genes but no disturbed house?

A

40%

6%

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7
Q

Who studied OCD concordance rate and what were results?

A

Billet

MZ twins 68% OCD concordance, DZ 31%

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8
Q

Who had personality change due to pole going through eye and brain, where in brain

A

Phineas Gage, frontal lobe

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9
Q

General name for areas of fascination in each psychosexual stage

A

Enrogenous zone

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10
Q

Positives of psychodynamic(4)

A

+linked to bio needs, innate evolution
+provide methods of therapy, psychoanalysis
+look at early life experience
+first psychological approach, before though abnormalities due to spirits

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11
Q

Negatives of psychodynamic (6)

A
  • subjective, dream analysis and case studies
  • lack falsifiability
  • emphasise too much on past, should focus on present to cure
  • no cause or effect
  • sexist
  • psychoanalysis expensive and time
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12
Q

Positives of bio approach

A

+testable, scientific
+treatment drugs
+observable fMRI, post mortem

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13
Q

Negatives of bio approach

A
  • no nurture
  • excuse cognitive behaviour since deterministic
  • biological reductionism
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14
Q

What do inhibitory neurone do (charge) , examples (2)

A

Make axon more negative, calming
Seretonin not enough = depression and anxiety
GABA, not enough = anxiety, not calm

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15
Q

What do excitatory neurotransmitter do to charge, examples

A

Makes axon more positive, noradrenaline

Acetylcholine: too much depress, too little dementia

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16
Q

What type of neurotransmitters is dopamine, what does it do

A

Both inhibitory and excitatory, depends on receptor it binds to. Pleasure coordination and reward, low causes Parkinson, excess causes schizophrenia positive symptoms

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17
Q

What does thyroid gland do

A

Thyroxin for appetite, growth and metabolism. Disorder is Graves’ disease: weight loss

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18
Q

What does adrenal gland make

A

Cortisol and adrenaline

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19
Q

What hormones from ovaries

A

Progesterone and oestrogen

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20
Q

Where is melatonin made

A

Penal gland

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21
Q

What hormone from pancreas, job?

A

Insulin, blood sugar level

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22
Q

Job of cerebral cortex

A

Higher level processes such as consciousness, emotion, language and memory

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23
Q

Components of the limbic system

A

Thamalus, hippocampus, hypothalamus and amygdala

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24
Q

Function of hippocampus

A

Learning and memory, taxi enlarged posterior hippocampus

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25
Components of hindbrain (brain stem), functions
Pons- REM brain activity in sleep Cerebellum - coordinate, balance, procedural memory Medulla oblongata - autonomic
26
Example of lesion studies
Phineas gage and HM
27
What happened to HM
He had some of hippocampus removed too stop severe epilepsy, couldn’t form LTM
28
Location of basal ganglia, function, abnormalities it causes
Base of forebrain, motor skill, motivation, learn by association, OCD addiction
29
How many pps in split brain study who did it
10 men 1 woman, Sperry
30
Spell fmri
Resonance
31
What EEG used for, evaluate
Sleep studies +temporal resolution -spatial resolution
32
Name for brain study method where waves recorded in response to stimuli
ERP
33
Characteristics of anal expulsion
Generous, disorganised, careless
34
What is congruence between?
Self concept, ideal self
35
Conditions of worth meaning
Believe we must meet conditions to be worthy of others positive regard
36
Features of therapist in client centred therapy
Genuiness, empathy and unconditional positive regard
37
Who made client centred therapy
Carl Rogers
38
Who did hierarch of needs
Maslow
39
Characteristics of self actualisation
``` CRAP SHOPP Creative Reality perception Accepts self Privacy Spontaneous Humour weird Objective Problem centred not self centred Peak experience ```
40
Study on benefits of client centred therapy , how many pps, how long, % improvements
Gibbard and Hanley, 700, 5yr | 70%
41
Real life application for behavioural approach (5)
``` Token economy Video game addiction Adverts Cupboard love Phobias ```
42
How to increase social learning theory effectiveness
``` Interesting Humour/unusual Simple Memorable Showing vicarious reinforcement ```
43
How many kids in bobo doll
36 b 36 g
44
Is psychodynamic nature or nurture
Basic instinct nature but expressed by childhood environmental experiences
45
Types of determinism
Psychic Biological Environmental
46
Is psychodynamic reductionistic
Yh, rejects free will, unconscious control
47
Levels of hierarchy of needs
``` Psychological Safety Belonging Esteem Self actualisation ```
48
Who studied how lower needs of hierarchy must be fulfilled first, what did he do
Arnoff, compared tank of fishermen and cane cutters
49
Why is humanistic ethnocentric
Individualist western cultures priorities individual success, saying collectivist cultures are less able to self actualise
50
Word meaning each hemisphere controls opposite side of body
Contralateral
51
What side of brain is language, names of areas, spell
Left | Broca and Wernicke
52
Where is more cortex
Top middle, contralateral, infront of somatosensory, behind frontal lobe
53
Location and role of somatosensory cortex
Receive sensory info like touch, pain and temp, behind motor cortex
54
Location of auditory cortex
In between boroca and wernicke but on both hemispheres, hearing
55
Location of visual cortex (occupational lobe)
Back of brain, processing of visual info happen on opposite side of body it was received
56
How to remember locations of 4 things in brain
BAWV Broca (L) Auditory Wernicke (L) Visual
57
Examples of non localised vs localised functions of brain
Motor and somatosensory localised Language and consciousness not localised Most things don’t work independently
58
4 reasons for plasticity
New skills External trauma to brain Internal trauma, bleed or stoke
59
How plasticity recovery happens
``` Synaptic pruning (become stronger or are lost) Axonal sprouting (existing neurone grow new axon to connect neurone) Denervation supersensetuvity (loss of axons cause remaining to become more sensitive) Recruitment of homologous area (opposite side of brain take over) ```
60
Factors that affect functional recovery
``` Age Gender (women better) Rehab therapy CIMT Drugs alcohol Education/brain activity ```
61
Studies on plasticity
``` EB left hemisphere removed, tumour Phineas Gague, iron pole Maguire taxi 40years of golf Education and IQ ```
62
Job of thalamus
Relay sensory info to cortex
63
What love is visual cortex in
Occipital
64
Difference between SLT and behaviourism
Watson, Pavlov, Skinner. Behaviourism believe behaviour due to SR bonds and external stimuli Bandura. SLT think same but also due to psychological processes like vicarious learning, mediational processes SLT partly deterministic, we determin behaviour but operate within what we learnt Behaviourism is environmental determinism
65
Ethical things i forget
Confidentiality | Right to withdraw
66
Cycle less than 24h
Ultradian
67
Summation meaning
Process to determine if neurone fires by adding up inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitter
68
Name for conscious or unconscious prompt that influences response of pps, due to tone change or body language
Investigators effect/research bias
69
What not to include in interviews/questionnaire
Leading questions Jargon Unclear questions Double barrel
70
What joins left hemisphere and right
Corpus callosum
71
Evaluate ERP
``` +see electric impulse in response to stimuli + highly temporal resolution +cheaper than fMRI +don’t need to be dead -non intrusive -low spatial resolution -background noise cause impulses ```
72
Carl Rogers 2 key words
Unconditional positive regard- receive support and love no matter what Conditions of worth- only receive affection if behave certain way
73
What is the endogenous pacemaker
Superchiasmatic nucleus
74
Name for light
Exogenous zeitgeber

Psychology (4 decks)

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