Paper 2 Flashcards
What did allport do
Combined both psychodynamic and Behavioural approaches to explain personality
Types of vicarious models
Live
Verbal
Symbolic
Name for attention retention motor reproduction and motivation
Mediational processes
What caused increase in aggressive behaviour for bobo doll
Vicarious reinforcement, models were given positive reinforcement like praise
What percent of abused kids become abusive
30%
% schizophrenia:
Adopted kids with schizo parents and disturbed house?
And adopted kid with genes but no disturbed house?
40%
6%
Who studied OCD concordance rate and what were results?
Billet
MZ twins 68% OCD concordance, DZ 31%
Who had personality change due to pole going through eye and brain, where in brain
Phineas Gage, frontal lobe
General name for areas of fascination in each psychosexual stage
Enrogenous zone
Positives of psychodynamic(4)
+linked to bio needs, innate evolution
+provide methods of therapy, psychoanalysis
+look at early life experience
+first psychological approach, before though abnormalities due to spirits
Negatives of psychodynamic (6)
- subjective, dream analysis and case studies
- lack falsifiability
- emphasise too much on past, should focus on present to cure
- no cause or effect
- sexist
- psychoanalysis expensive and time
Positives of bio approach
+testable, scientific
+treatment drugs
+observable fMRI, post mortem
Negatives of bio approach
- no nurture
- excuse cognitive behaviour since deterministic
- biological reductionism
What do inhibitory neurone do (charge) , examples (2)
Make axon more negative, calming
Seretonin not enough = depression and anxiety
GABA, not enough = anxiety, not calm
What do excitatory neurotransmitter do to charge, examples
Makes axon more positive, noradrenaline
Acetylcholine: too much depress, too little dementia
What type of neurotransmitters is dopamine, what does it do
Both inhibitory and excitatory, depends on receptor it binds to. Pleasure coordination and reward, low causes Parkinson, excess causes schizophrenia positive symptoms
What does thyroid gland do
Thyroxin for appetite, growth and metabolism. Disorder is Graves’ disease: weight loss
What does adrenal gland make
Cortisol and adrenaline
What hormones from ovaries
Progesterone and oestrogen
Where is melatonin made
Penal gland
What hormone from pancreas, job?
Insulin, blood sugar level
Job of cerebral cortex
Higher level processes such as consciousness, emotion, language and memory
Components of the limbic system
Thamalus, hippocampus, hypothalamus and amygdala
Function of hippocampus
Learning and memory, taxi enlarged posterior hippocampus
Components of hindbrain (brain stem), functions
Pons- REM brain activity in sleep
Cerebellum - coordinate, balance, procedural memory
Medulla oblongata - autonomic
Example of lesion studies
Phineas gage and HM
What happened to HM
He had some of hippocampus removed too stop severe epilepsy, couldn’t form LTM
Location of basal ganglia, function, abnormalities it causes
Base of forebrain, motor skill, motivation, learn by association, OCD addiction
How many pps in split brain study who did it
10 men 1 woman, Sperry
Spell fmri
Resonance
What EEG used for, evaluate
Sleep studies
+temporal resolution
-spatial resolution
Name for brain study method where waves recorded in response to stimuli
ERP
Characteristics of anal expulsion
Generous, disorganised, careless
What is congruence between?
Self concept, ideal self
Conditions of worth meaning
Believe we must meet conditions to be worthy of others positive regard
Features of therapist in client centred therapy
Genuiness, empathy and unconditional positive regard
Who made client centred therapy
Carl Rogers
Who did hierarch of needs
Maslow
Characteristics of self actualisation
CRAP SHOPP Creative Reality perception Accepts self Privacy Spontaneous Humour weird Objective Problem centred not self centred Peak experience
Study on benefits of client centred therapy , how many pps, how long, % improvements
Gibbard and Hanley, 700, 5yr
70%
Real life application for behavioural approach (5)
Token economy Video game addiction Adverts Cupboard love Phobias
How to increase social learning theory effectiveness
Interesting Humour/unusual Simple Memorable Showing vicarious reinforcement
How many kids in bobo doll
36 b 36 g
Is psychodynamic nature or nurture
Basic instinct nature but expressed by childhood environmental experiences
Types of determinism
Psychic
Biological
Environmental
Is psychodynamic reductionistic
Yh, rejects free will, unconscious control
Levels of hierarchy of needs
Psychological Safety Belonging Esteem Self actualisation
Who studied how lower needs of hierarchy must be fulfilled first, what did he do
Arnoff, compared tank of fishermen and cane cutters
Why is humanistic ethnocentric
Individualist western cultures priorities individual success, saying collectivist cultures are less able to self actualise
Word meaning each hemisphere controls opposite side of body
Contralateral
What side of brain is language, names of areas, spell
Left
Broca and Wernicke
Where is more cortex
Top middle, contralateral, infront of somatosensory, behind frontal lobe
Location and role of somatosensory cortex
Receive sensory info like touch, pain and temp, behind motor cortex
Location of auditory cortex
In between boroca and wernicke but on both hemispheres, hearing
Location of visual cortex (occupational lobe)
Back of brain, processing of visual info happen on opposite side of body it was received
How to remember locations of 4 things in brain
BAWV
Broca (L)
Auditory
Wernicke (L)
Visual
Examples of non localised vs localised functions of brain
Motor and somatosensory localised
Language and consciousness not localised
Most things don’t work independently
4 reasons for plasticity
New skills
External trauma to brain
Internal trauma, bleed or stoke
How plasticity recovery happens
Synaptic pruning (become stronger or are lost) Axonal sprouting (existing neurone grow new axon to connect neurone) Denervation supersensetuvity (loss of axons cause remaining to become more sensitive) Recruitment of homologous area (opposite side of brain take over)
Factors that affect functional recovery
Age Gender (women better) Rehab therapy CIMT Drugs alcohol Education/brain activity
Studies on plasticity
EB left hemisphere removed, tumour Phineas Gague, iron pole Maguire taxi 40years of golf Education and IQ
Job of thalamus
Relay sensory info to cortex
What love is visual cortex in
Occipital
Difference between SLT and behaviourism
Watson, Pavlov, Skinner. Behaviourism believe behaviour due to SR bonds and external stimuli
Bandura. SLT think same but also due to psychological processes like vicarious learning, mediational processes
SLT partly deterministic, we determin behaviour but operate within what we learnt
Behaviourism is environmental determinism
Ethical things i forget
Confidentiality
Right to withdraw
Cycle less than 24h
Ultradian
Summation meaning
Process to determine if neurone fires by adding up inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitter
Name for conscious or unconscious prompt that influences response of pps, due to tone change or body language
Investigators effect/research bias
What not to include in interviews/questionnaire
Leading questions
Jargon
Unclear questions
Double barrel
What joins left hemisphere and right
Corpus callosum
Evaluate ERP
\+see electric impulse in response to stimuli \+ highly temporal resolution \+cheaper than fMRI \+don’t need to be dead -non intrusive -low spatial resolution -background noise cause impulses
Carl Rogers 2 key words
Unconditional positive regard- receive support and love no matter what
Conditions of worth- only receive affection if behave certain way
What is the endogenous pacemaker
Superchiasmatic nucleus
Name for light
Exogenous zeitgeber
