Paper 1 Flashcards
Real life evidence kids are easily lead in interviews
McMartin preschool
Who studied capacity/duration of sensory register
Sperling
Who studied coding of STM and LTM
Baddley
Who studied stm duration
Peterson
Who studied LTM duration
Bahrik
Who studied impact of leading questions on EWT
Loftus and palmer
Who studied anxiety on EWT, real life
Loftus, Yuill and Cutshall
What was KFs issue
Brain damage meant he had bad articulatory loop but good visiospatial sketch pad
What is the sound part of the working memory model
Phonological loop, phonological store is inner ear, articulate process is the inner voice
Who made working memory model
Baddley and hitch
Who made multi store memory model
Atkinson and shiffrin
Evaluate MSM 4 +, 3 -
\+HM good STM but bad LTM after operation for epilepsy \+Korsakoff syndrome, good STM bad LTM \+Primacy and decency effect \+Explain how things move between stored -simplistic, different STM - not all LTM rehearsed
Evaluate WMM 3+-
\+KF, good recall from visiospatial sketch pad but bad from articulatory loop after brain damage \+not as much emphasis on rehearsal \+can’t do 2 tasks within same system -lab experiment, low EV - central executive vague - unclear how info moves between systems
Who studied PORN
Underwood and postman
3 Causes of forgetting
Retrieval failure
Interference
Failure to find cue
How can list recall be improved, who discovered?
Tulving found cued recall better
Speed of contacted vs smashed
32mph vs 41mph
Factors that affect EWT (4)
Age
Misleading questions
List event discussion
Anxiety
Who came up with cognitive interview technique
Geiselman
Geisleman experiment
Blue back pack guy ribs classroom projector. 2 days later asked if green bag guy was nervous then asked what colour was the bag, CI were more likely to say blue compared to standard interview
Features of cognitive interviews
Reinstate context
Order change
Perspective change
Everything reported
Informal
Explain deviation from ideal mental health
Jahoda Personal growth Reality perception Autonomy Integration Self esteem Environmental mastery
What did rosenhan and seligman do
Failure to function adequately DIMM
Distress, Irrational thoughts, maladaptive behaviour and moral standard deviation
What did Billet find
MZ twins 68% OCD concordance, DZ 31%
Neurological causes of OCD
Increased OCD after head injury, specifically damage to basal ganglia
Evaluate use of SSRIs
\+reduce symptoms by 60% \+work well with CBT \+cheap - takes weeks to notice improvement - side effects (weight, memory) -addiction -blocking not treating
4 types of OCD
Checking
Cleaning
Hoarding
Symmetry
What is systematic desensitisation
Counter conditioning to associate fear with relaxation
Hierarchy of fear
Evaluation for each behavioural technique for phobia
Flooding
- remove fear and replace with another
- treat symptoms not cause
Systematic desensitisation
+treat range of phobias
+people treated with SD lies likely to fear spiders compared to control who just had relaxation technique
- hard to break down some phobias, agoraphobia
3 types of phobia
Social
Acrophobia
Specific
DSM criteria for phobia
6 month +
Irrational
Disrupt
Evaluate behavioural explanation for phobia
+Barlow found 50% people with fear of driving has been in car accident
+ little Albert
-evolution ignored
-7% of spider phobics had traumatic experience
Evaluation for Cognitive interview
+great for elderly since memory enhanced
+ geiselman 2 studies, blue bag and hypnosis vs standard vs cognitive interview
-time consuming to do and train
-make up info
-some spectacular more valuable (reinstate context and everything reported)
Bond vs attachment
Bond between 1
Attachment between 2
Stages of attachment, who investigated
Asocial
Indiscriminate
Discriminate
Multiple attachment
Schaffer 60 Glasgow babies
How many countries for van ijzendoorn
32
Critical period for humans
Critical period for geese
0-2.5 years
13-16 h
Who studied internalisation (informational social influence)
Sherif, auto kinetic effect
Factors that affect conformity
Group size (3 optimum)
Presence of ally even if they have thick glasses
Task difficulty (more matching lines cause increase)
Confidence (engineer reduced conformity)
Who did F scale, what did it measure
Who
Originally fascist attitudes but then used for authoritarian personality
Adorno
Factors affect milgram results
Proximity of authority/learner
Presence of an ally
Locus of control (Holland)
Location, rundown office
How many nurses obeyed in Hofling
21/22
Milgram binding factors
Pay
Prestigious uni
Authority repeatedly saying continue
Milgram results
65% 450V
100% 300V
Who did puppy experiment
Sheridan
Factors affecting minority influence, who are psychologists?
Consistency, flexibility and commitment
Moscovici, Nameth
How does identification impact minority influence
People are more likely to be influenced by people similar to them, gay people have less influence over straight people when talking about gay rights in comparison to straight people talking to straight people about same thing
Results of moscovici
Consistent: 32% conform at least once
Inconsistent: conform 1.25%
control: 0.25% green
What did moscovici study
Impact of commitment and consistency
What did Nameth experiments test
Flexibility
Results of Nameth slide experiment
More people confirm if say blue for light and green for dull
What happened on ski experiment
jury discuss fake ski accident. If confederate showed no flexibility (argued low compensation) little influence, if argued slightly higher they had bigger influence
