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A level Physics > Paper 1 Vocab > Flashcards

Paper 1 Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Speed

A

Rate of change of distance, speed=distance/time

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2
Q

Velocity

A

Rate of change of displacement, velocity=displacement/time

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3
Q

Displacement

A

The vector measurement of distance in a certain direction

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4
Q

Vector quantity

A

Quantity which has both magnitude and direction

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5
Q

Scalar quantity

A

Quantity which has only magnitude

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6
Q

Average Speed

A

The total distance for a journey over the total time taken for the journey

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7
Q

Instantaneous Speed

A

The speed at any particular instant in time on a journey, which can be found from the gradient of the tangent to a distance-time graph at that time

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8
Q

Acceleration

A

The vector defined as the rate of change of velocity

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9
Q

Resultant Force

A

The total force/vector sum of forces acting on a body when all the forces acting are added together accounting for their direction

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10
Q

Free-Body force diagram

A

Has the object isolated, and all the forces that act on it are drawn in at the points where they act, using arrows

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11
Q

Equilibrium

A

There is zero resultant moment. It will have zero acceleration

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12
Q

Principle of Moments

A

A body will be in equilibrium if the sum of clockwise moments acting on it is equal to the sum of the anticlockwise moments

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13
Q

Centre of Gravity

A

The point through which the weight of an object appears to act

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14
Q

Newton’s First Law

A

An object will remain at rest, or in a state of uniform motion, until acted upon by a resultant force

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15
Q

Newton’s Second law

A

If an object’s mass is constant, the resultant force needed to cause an acceleration is given by the equation F=ma

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16
Q

Newton’s Third Law

A

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

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17
Q

Kinematics

A

The study of the description of the motion of objects

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18
Q

Uniform Motion

A

Motion where there is no acceleration

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19
Q

Resolution/Resolving Vectors

A

The determination of a pair of vectors, at right angles to each other, that sums to give the single vector they were resolved from

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20
Q

Projectile

A

A moving object on which the only force of significance acting is gravity. The trajectory is thus pre-determined by its initial velocity

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21
Q

Gravitational Potential Energy (Ep)

A

The energy an object has by virtue of its position in a gravitational field

22
Q

Kinetic Energy (Ek)

A

The energy an object has by virtue of its movement

23
Q

Conservation of Energy

A

Requires that energy can never be created or destroyed

24
Q

Work Done

A

The product of a force and the distance moved in the direction of the force
W=Fs

25
Energy
The property of an object that gives it the capacity to do work. A change in the amount of energy of an object could be equated to work being done, even if this is not mechanical
26
Power
Rate of energy transfer
27
Efficiency
The ability of a machine to convert energy usuefully Efficiency = Useful energy output/ Total energy input Efficiency = Useful power output/ Total power input
28
Momentum
The measure of an object's motion, given by the equation: | Momentum = mass * velocity, p=mv
29
Conservation of linear momentum
The vector sum of momenta of all objects in a system is the same before and after any interaction between the objects provided no external forces are added
30
Explosion
A situation in which a stationary object or system of joined objects separates into component parts, which move off at different velocities. Momentum must be conserved in explosions
31
Charge
A fundamental property of some particles. It is the cause of the electromagnetic force, and it is a basic aspect of describing electrical effects.
32
Coulomb
Unit of charge. One coulomb is the quantity of charge that passes a point in a conductor per second when one ampere of current is flowing in the conductor. The amount of charge on a single electron is -1.6*10^-19C
33
Current
Rate of flow of charge. Current can be calculated from the equation: Current = Charge passing a point/time for charge to pass I=Q/t
34
Ampere
The movement of 1C of charge per second
35
Voltage
A measure of the amount of energy a component transfers per unit of charge
36
Electromotive Force/emf
A supply voltage
37
Potential Difference/pd
The correct term for voltage for a component that is using electrical energy in a circuit and transferring this energy into other forms
38
Electronvolt/eV
The amount of energy an electron gains by passing through a voltage of 1 V, 1 eV=1.6*10^-19
39
Resistance
The opposition to the flow of electrical current
40
Ohm's law
The current through a component is directly proportional to the voltage across it, providing the temperature remains the same
41
Resistivity
The general property of a material to resist the flow of electric current
42
Drift Velocity
The slow overall movement of the charges in a current
43
Transport Equation
I=nAve, I=Current, n=Number of electrons, A=cross-sectional area, e=Charge on an electron
44
Semiconductors
Materials that have a lower resistivity than insulators, but higher than conductors. They usually only have small numbers of delocalised electrons that are free to conduct
45
Conduction Band
A range of energy amounts that electrons in a solid material can have which delocalises them to move more freely through the solid
46
Valence Band
A range of energy amounts that electrons in a solid material can have which keeps them close to one particular atom
47
Critical Temperature
The temperature below which a material's resistivity instantly drops to 0
48
Kirchhoff's First Law: Electric Current Rule
The algebraic sum of currents entering a junction is equal to zero
49
Kirchoff's Second Law: Voltages Circuit Rule
Around a closed loop, the algebraic sum of the emfs is equal to the algebraic sum of the pds
50
Potential Divider
This type of circuit is designed to provide specific voltage values by splitting an emf across two resistors
51
Potentiometer
A version of the potential divider in which a single resistance wire is used in two parts to form two resistances. A sliding connection on the wire can be adjusted to alter the comparative resistances and thus alter the output pd from the potentiometer
52
Internal Resistance
The resistance of an emf source

A level Physics (10 decks)

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