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A level Physics > Paper 1 Vocab > Flashcards

Paper 1 Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

Speed

A

Rate of change of distance, speed=distance/time

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2
Q

Velocity

A

Rate of change of displacement, velocity=displacement/time

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3
Q

Displacement

A

The vector measurement of distance in a certain direction

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4
Q

Vector quantity

A

Quantity which has both magnitude and direction

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5
Q

Scalar quantity

A

Quantity which has only magnitude

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6
Q

Average Speed

A

The total distance for a journey over the total time taken for the journey

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7
Q

Instantaneous Speed

A

The speed at any particular instant in time on a journey, which can be found from the gradient of the tangent to a distance-time graph at that time

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8
Q

Acceleration

A

The vector defined as the rate of change of velocity

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9
Q

Resultant Force

A

The total force/vector sum of forces acting on a body when all the forces acting are added together accounting for their direction

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10
Q

Free-Body force diagram

A

Has the object isolated, and all the forces that act on it are drawn in at the points where they act, using arrows

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11
Q

Equilibrium

A

There is zero resultant moment. It will have zero acceleration

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12
Q

Principle of Moments

A

A body will be in equilibrium if the sum of clockwise moments acting on it is equal to the sum of the anticlockwise moments

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13
Q

Centre of Gravity

A

The point through which the weight of an object appears to act

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14
Q

Newton’s First Law

A

An object will remain at rest, or in a state of uniform motion, until acted upon by a resultant force

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15
Q

Newton’s Second law

A

If an object’s mass is constant, the resultant force needed to cause an acceleration is given by the equation F=ma

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16
Q

Newton’s Third Law

A

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

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17
Q

Kinematics

A

The study of the description of the motion of objects

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18
Q

Uniform Motion

A

Motion where there is no acceleration

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19
Q

Resolution/Resolving Vectors

A

The determination of a pair of vectors, at right angles to each other, that sums to give the single vector they were resolved from

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20
Q

Projectile

A

A moving object on which the only force of significance acting is gravity. The trajectory is thus pre-determined by its initial velocity

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21
Q

Gravitational Potential Energy (Ep)

A

The energy an object has by virtue of its position in a gravitational field

22
Q

Kinetic Energy (Ek)

A

The energy an object has by virtue of its movement

23
Q

Conservation of Energy

A

Requires that energy can never be created or destroyed

24
Q

Work Done

A

The product of a force and the distance moved in the direction of the force
W=Fs

25
Q

Energy

A

The property of an object that gives it the capacity to do work. A change in the amount of energy of an object could be equated to work being done, even if this is not mechanical

26
Q

Power

A

Rate of energy transfer

27
Q

Efficiency

A

The ability of a machine to convert energy usuefully
Efficiency = Useful energy output/ Total energy input
Efficiency = Useful power output/ Total power input

28
Q

Momentum

A

The measure of an object’s motion, given by the equation:

Momentum = mass * velocity, p=mv

29
Q

Conservation of linear momentum

A

The vector sum of momenta of all objects in a system is the same before and after any interaction between the objects provided no external forces are added

30
Q

Explosion

A

A situation in which a stationary object or system of joined objects separates into component parts, which move off at different velocities. Momentum must be conserved in explosions

31
Q

Charge

A

A fundamental property of some particles. It is the cause of the electromagnetic force, and it is a basic aspect of describing electrical effects.

32
Q

Coulomb

A

Unit of charge. One coulomb is the quantity of charge that passes a point in a conductor per second when one ampere of current is flowing in the conductor. The amount of charge on a single electron is -1.6*10^-19C

33
Q

Current

A

Rate of flow of charge. Current can be calculated from the equation:
Current = Charge passing a point/time for charge to pass
I=Q/t

34
Q

Ampere

A

The movement of 1C of charge per second

35
Q

Voltage

A

A measure of the amount of energy a component transfers per unit of charge

36
Q

Electromotive Force/emf

A

A supply voltage

37
Q

Potential Difference/pd

A

The correct term for voltage for a component that is using electrical energy in a circuit and transferring this energy into other forms

38
Q

Electronvolt/eV

A

The amount of energy an electron gains by passing through a voltage of 1 V, 1 eV=1.6*10^-19

39
Q

Resistance

A

The opposition to the flow of electrical current

40
Q

Ohm’s law

A

The current through a component is directly proportional to the voltage across it, providing the temperature remains the same

41
Q

Resistivity

A

The general property of a material to resist the flow of electric current

42
Q

Drift Velocity

A

The slow overall movement of the charges in a current

43
Q

Transport Equation

A

I=nAve, I=Current, n=Number of electrons, A=cross-sectional area, e=Charge on an electron

44
Q

Semiconductors

A

Materials that have a lower resistivity than insulators, but higher than conductors. They usually only have small numbers of delocalised electrons that are free to conduct

45
Q

Conduction Band

A

A range of energy amounts that electrons in a solid material can have which delocalises them to move more freely through the solid

46
Q

Valence Band

A

A range of energy amounts that electrons in a solid material can have which keeps them close to one particular atom

47
Q

Critical Temperature

A

The temperature below which a material’s resistivity instantly drops to 0

48
Q

Kirchhoff’s First Law: Electric Current Rule

A

The algebraic sum of currents entering a junction is equal to zero

49
Q

Kirchoff’s Second Law: Voltages Circuit Rule

A

Around a closed loop, the algebraic sum of the emfs is equal to the algebraic sum of the pds

50
Q

Potential Divider

A

This type of circuit is designed to provide specific voltage values by splitting an emf across two resistors

51
Q

Potentiometer

A

A version of the potential divider in which a single resistance wire is used in two parts to form two resistances. A sliding connection on the wire can be adjusted to alter the comparative resistances and thus alter the output pd from the potentiometer

52
Q

Internal Resistance

A

The resistance of an emf source

A level Physics (10 decks)

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