Materials Flashcards
Fluid
Any substance that can flow
Density
A measure of the mass per unit volume of a substance
Upthrust
An upward force on an object caused by the object displacing fluid
Archimedes’ principle
Upthrust on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced
Hydrometer
An instrument used to determine the density of a fluid
Laminar flow
Where a fluid moves with uniform lines in which the velocity is constant over time
Turbulent flow
Where fluid velocity in a particular place changes over time, often in an unpredictable manner
Streamlines
Lines of laminar flow in which the velocity is constant over time
Viscosity
The idea of how resistant a fluid is to flowing
Coefficient of viscosity
A numerical value given to a fluid to indicate how much it resists flow
Terminal velocity
The velocity of a falling object when its weight is balanced by the sum of the drag and upthrust acting on it
Tension
A force acting within a material in a direction that would extend the material
Extension
An increase in size of a material sample caused by a tension force
Limit of proportionality
The maximum extension (strain) that an object can exhibit, which is still proportional to the load (stress) applied
Spring constant
The Hooke’s law constant of proportionality, k, for a spring under tension
