Paper 1- Social influence Part 1 Flashcards
List some examples of who/what impacts upon an individuals behaviour
social media government family(nurture) Society that they live in culture role models (celebrities) Religion/beliefs friends/peer groups leaders/teachers finance personality life experiences
What is conformity defined as?
yielding to group pressure
When does conformity occur?
individuals behaviour and or beliefs are influenced by a larger group of people
What is conformity often known as?
Majority influence
When can conformity be a negative force?
When it reduces a persons independence and leads to harmful outcomes
What is the usual outcome of conformity? Explain
Positive
Helps society to function without anything bad and predictable
Individuals need to agree in order for groups to form as human activity is socially based
Who referenced 3 types of conformity?
Kelman
What are the 3 types of conformity?
Identification
Compliance
Internalisation
What is compliance?
When individuals adjust their behaviour and opinions to those of a group to be accepted or avoid disapproval
What kind of conformity is compliance?
Temporary, weak form; only occurs when present within group
When and why does compliance occur?
Due to a desire to fit in and involves public, not private acceptance of groups behaviour and attitudes.
May be out of the fear of rejection
What is internalisation?
Individuals actually adjust their behaviour and opinions to those of the group
What kind of conformity is internalisation?
Long lasting
occurs public-ally and privately
What does internalisation involve?
Individuals being exposed to the belief systems of others and having to decide what they believe in.
Public and private acceptance of groups behaviours and opinions will occur if the beliefs are seen as correct
What is identification?
When individuals adjust their behaviour and opinions to those of the group, because membership of group is desirable
What kind of conformity is identification?
Strong
private and public acceptance
Temporar as it is not maintained when no longer part of the group
Give an example of identification.
In the army you may adopt the behaviour and beliefs of fellow soldiers, but when you leave the army for a civilian life, new behaviours and options are adopted
Explain informal social influence as an explanation for conformity
We as humans require the need to feel confident about whether our ideas and beliefs are correct. For informational social influence, this is motivation.
If we are in an unfamiliar situation, we will look to other people as we believe what they are doing is right or they are better than us.
When we conform due to informal social influence, we tend to believe the opinions that we have adopted. This is due to us being uncertain on what we believe, so we look to other people and become converted to their view point
Who carried out a study into informational social facilitation? When did they carry this out?
Arthur Jennes in 1920
Wha was their aim?
To investigate whether individuals judgement of jellybeans in a jar was influenced by discussion in a group
What type of experiment was Arthur Jennese?
Controlled as it was a lab experiment
Explain how Arthur Jenness carried out his experiment into informational social facilitation
1- Private and individually pmts estimated no. of jellybeans in jar
2- ppts discussed estimates in a larger/smaller group. saw that people estimated differently
MANIPULATION OCCURS AS RESEARCHERS MADE SURE THAT AT LEAST 1 PERSON IN GROU HAD MAJORLY DIFFERENT ANSWER
3- once discussion was over, group estimates were made
4-Individually and privately, individuals made another estimate
What were the findings of the study into informational social influence?
Most pmts second estimate tented to converge, move closer, to group estimate
Among females, the average change in opinion was greater
What conclusion can be drawn up about the study?
Judgements of individuals is affected by majority opinions, especially in ambiguous/ unfamiliar situations. In changing opinion, discussion is not effective, unless the individual entering the discussion, becomes aware that the opinion of others are different to theirs