Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

A-LEVEL PSYCHOLOGY (AQA) WHOLE SPEC > PAPER 1 - Social Influence > Flashcards

PAPER 1 - Social Influence Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of CONFORMITY ?

A

compliance, identification, internalisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is COMPLIANCE ?

A
  • weakest form
  • changing behaviour to be accepted
  • have these views publicly not privately
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Give an example of compliance.

A

e.g. you say you like a band to your friends but don’t listen to them at home

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is IDENTIFICATION ?

A
  • intermediate level
  • temporary change in belief
  • you do it both publicly and privately to be accepted
  • is strong because it involves private change
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Give an example of identification.

A

e.g. soldiers in the army may adopted certain behaviour but lose it when they return home

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is INTERNALISATION ?

A
  • deepest level
  • permanent change
  • take on new attitudes / beliefs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Give an example of internalisation.

A

e.g. sometimes people start going to church and their attitudes and beliefs change so they become Christians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 3 variables that affect conformity ?

A
  • size
  • unanimity
  • difficulty
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the AGENTIC STATE ?

A

putting the responsibility of our actions on someone else

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the AUTONOMOUS STATE ?

A

when we take responsibility for our own actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are BINDING FACTORS ?

A

aspects of situation that allow a person to ignore the damaging effect of their behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is LEGITIMATE AUTHORITY ?

A

we are more likely to obey when we believe an authority is legitimate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the two explanations for obedience ?

A

agentic state and legitimate authority

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the traits of someone with an authoritarian personality ?

A
  • hostile
  • fairly rigid in beliefs
  • conventional / traditional

(Adorno F-scale)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the characteristics of INTERNAL LoC ?

A
  • independent
  • active seekers of info
  • less likely to conform / obey
  • don’t rely on external opinions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the characteristics of EXTERNAL LoC ?

A
  • less independent
  • rely on others for info
  • more likely to conform / obey
  • rely on external opinions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Who studied conformity ? (1)

A

ASCH (1951)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How did ASCH study conformity ?

A

LINE STUDY

  • 123 US males
  • 3 lines
  • match with comparison line
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What were the results of ASCH’S study ?

A

74% at least once
26% never
5% every time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What was the conclusion of ASCH’S study ?

A

COMPLIANCE = NORMATIVE influence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Who studied conformity ? (2)

22
Q

How did SHERIF study conformity ?

A

AUTO-KINETIC EFFECT

  • make estimates alone
  • make estimates in groups of 3
  • make estimates alone
23
Q

What were the results of SHERIF’S study ?

A 
ALONE = own stable estimates 
GROUP = estimates converged and became more alike 
ALONE = estimates were more like the group
24
Q

What was the conclusion of SHERIF’S study ?

A

INTERNALISATION = INFORMATIONAL influence

25
Who studied conformity to social roles ?
ZIMBADO - Stanford Prison Experiment
26
How did ZIMBADO study conformity to social roles ?
- converted basement into prison - prisoners arrested in homes - no physical contact - £15 per day
27
What were the results of ZIMBADO'S study ?
- prisoners and guards took on roles quickly | - prisoners treated very poorly by guards
28
What is OBEDIENCE ?
- within HIERARCHY - emphasis on POWER - pp embrace obedience to explain behaviour
29
What is CONFORMITY ?
- between EQUAL STATUS - emphasis on ACCEPTANCE - pp deny conformity
30
Who investigated obedience to an authority ?
MILGRAM (1963) - Electric shock
31
How did MILGRAM study obedience to an authority ?
- teacher / learner (always teacher) - read word pairs - read first word and match second - wrong = shock
32
What were the results of MLGRAM'S study ?
``` 240 volts - 100% 300 volts - 87.5% 360 volts - 76.6% 420 volts - 65% 450 volts - 63% ```
33
What are the STRENGTHS of legitimate authority ?
APPLICATIONS - Kelman and Hamilton - My Lai Massacre - power hierarchy of US Army RESEARCH EVIDENCE - Tarnow (2000) - dependence on captain - second officer didn't bring up odd behaviour
34
What are the WEAKNESSES of legitimate authority ?
OTHER EXPLANATIONS - gradual commitment - obey small requests leads to bigger ones - cannot assume legitimate authority is the only reason JUSTIFY HARMING OTHERS - no longer feel own moral values
35
What is the STRENGTH of authoritarian personality ?
SUPPORT RESEARCH - Dambrun & Vatine - correlation between pps RWA score maximum voltage shock administered to the victim - highest score = most obedient
36
What are the WEAKNESSES of authoritarian personality ?
SOCIAL CONTEXT MORE IMPORTANT - explains obedience better than disposition EDUCATION MAY DETERMINE AUTHORITARIANISM AND OBEDIENCE - less educated are more obedient - lack of obedience may be responsible rather than authoritarianism NOT ALL OBEDIENT P's SHOWED ALL THE FEATURES OF AN AUTHORITARIAN PERSONALITY - not all obedient pps had difficult relationship with fathers
37
What are the STRENGTHS of LoC ?
RESEARCH EVIDENCE - Atgis - meta-analysis - avg. correlation between LoC and conformity = 0.37 - genuinely is a higher rate of conformity within externals RESEARCH EVIDENCE - Oliner and Oliner - compared 406 who had rescued jews with 126 who didn't - rescuers had higher internal - internal is a factor in resisting pressure to obey authority
38
What are the WEAKNESSES of LoC ?
CORRELATION METHOD - don't know cause and effect LACK OF CONTROL - Oliner and Oliner - no cause and effect
39
What are the STRENGTHS of social support ?
RESEARCH SUPPORT - Allen and Levine = similar study to Asch, dissenter allowed conformity to decrease - Gamson = did not obey when asked to give evidence - pps where in groups
40
What are the STRENGTHS of reasons to conform ?
RESEARCH EVIDENCE - Asch - normative social influence - 75% at least once - 5% every time RESEARCH EVIDENCE - Sherif - informational social influence LABORATORY EXPERIMENT - extraneous variables controlled - replicated = reliable
41
What are the WEAKNESSES of reasons to conform ?
SOCIAL IDENTITY THEORY - alternate explanation - part of an 'in-group' - more likely to conform from pressure within our group LAB EXPERIMENT - lacks ecological validity - demand characteristics
42
What are the STRENGTHS of Zimbado's study ?
CLEAR ROLES - randomly given - avoids researcher bias INFORMED CONSENT INTERNAL VALIDITY - 90% of conversation was about prison life
43
What are the WEAKNESSES of Zimbado's study ?
UNETHICALLY SOUND - prisoners psychologically damaged POPULATION VALIDITY - only male students VALIDITY - guard based role on film character - not all guards conformed
44
What are the STRENGTHS of Milgram's study ?
LABORATORY EXPERIMENT - high control - cause and effect - reliable RESEARCH EVIDENCE - Bickman - uniforms - provide coin for parking metre
45
What are the WEAKNESSES of Milgram's study ?
LACK INTERNAL VALIDITY - Orne and Holland - extra manipulation = demand characteristics ETHICAL ISSUES - deception - protection from psychological harm
46
What are the STRENGTHS of the agentic state ?
APPLICATIONS - nazi criminals - defended in court - just following orders RESEARCH EVIDENCE - Milgram - pp demonstrated moral strain - disobeyed no longer had strain emotions - in autonomous state
47
What are the WEAKNESSES of the agentic state ?
OTHER EXPLANATIONS - French and Raven - 5 different types of power - Milgram's conclusion may be inaccurate DESCRIBES RATHER THAN EXPLAINS - does not say HOW agentic takes over - harder to carry out research to test theory
48
What are the WEAKNESSES of social support ?
SUPPORT MUST BE GIVEN EARLY - from the start conformity drops from 32% to 5.5% - later only drops to 8.5% PRACTICAL APPLICATION - you don't always copy the behaviour - people around you might litter but you may disagree with it
49
What are the STRENGTHS of minority influence ?
METHODOLOGY - lab experiment - high control - cause and effect - internal validity RESEARCH SUPPORT - Wood et al = meta-analysis - minority are still persuasive when compared to 'control' conditions APPLICATIONS - social change - votes for women
50
What are the WEAKNESSES of minority influence ?
ECOLOGICAL VALIDITY - not normally asked if slides are green or blue - consistent minority might not always be able to influence majority OTHER THEORIES - people move to members if their 'in-group' - we feel we share a membership

A-LEVEL PSYCHOLOGY (AQA) WHOLE SPEC (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions