paper 1: Sect B (skill acq)

Question 1

state the causes of a learning plateau, and solutions for each cause.
(3 points & solutions)

Answer 1

mental/physical fatigue:
- use distributed practice to allow for rest periods

poor coaching
- adapt coaching methods
- change coach

incorrect goals set
- set goals using SMARTER principle

Question 2

outline the concept of insight learning, and who formed it.

Answer 2

gestalts
1.) interactions in society: intrapyschological and interpsychological learning
2.) learning from MKO
3.) zone of proximal development:
what can I do alone?
what can I do W/ help?
what can I not do yet?

Question 3

outline the concepts of skinners operant conditioning theory

Answer 3

3 key concepts: that develop S-R bond
- trial and error
- manipulation of environment
- reinforcement:
-> positive
-> negative
-> punishment

Question 4

explain what a highly organised skill is

Answer 4

easily broken up
e.g high jump

Question 5

explain the characteristics of a skill with low organisation, providing an example.

Answer 5

not easily broken into sub-parts
e.g. passing in netball/basketball

Question 6

outline the concepts of banduras observational learning theory.

Answer 6

• learning by watching and copying significant others
• can be family/peers/coaches

Question 7

state and explain the components that make up banduras ARMM

Answer 7

• attention: coach must ensure performer is concentrating. can do this by providing attractive stimuli (colourful)
• retention: demonstration must be clear enough to help performer to form mental image of skill
• motor production: performer must be physically & mentally able to copy the demo.
• motivation: performer must be motivated to copy and learn the skill. coach could encourage this by offering praise/rewards

Question 8

explain what is meant by constructivism

Answer 8

idea that knowledge is constructed gradually, building knowledge onto pre-existing knowledge