Paper 1 Representstions Flashcards
What does ‘mode’ refer to in language?
‘Mode’ refers to the way in which language is used in a text
What types of language does ‘mode’ encompass?
Spoken, written, and multimodal/blended texts
What is the relationship between mode and genre?
Both mode and genre can significantly impact how a message is conveyed and received
What is a planned text? (Written feature)
The writer has planned/decided what to write beforehand
What is a formal text? (Written feature)
A text that has a formal/serious tone, often using low frequency lexis
What is standard? (Written feature)
Standard English used, meaning ‘grammatically correct’
What is a referential text? (Written feature)
A purely informative text
What is an unplanned text? (Spoken feature)
Language used spontaneously or made up on the spot
What does ‘permanent’ mean? (Written feature)
It is possible to check what the text says again and again
What is a delayed text? (Written feature)
It can be read at any time, once written
What is an informal text? (Spoken feature)
A text that has an informal tone created through high frequency lexis or slang
What does ‘non-standard’ indicate in language? (Spoken feature)
Use of non-standard English, such as dialect forms or slang
What is an interactive text? (Spoken feature)
A text that has a social function; its purpose is to develop relationships between speakers
What characterizes an ephemeral/temporary text? (Spoken feature)
What is said is only retained in memory
What does ‘immediate’ mean in the context of language use? (Spoken feature)
It is heard simultaneously to being said, with no delayed responses
What does ‘LEVEL OF INFORMALITY’ refer to?
Evidence of an informal relationship between speakers, or informal setting.
Define ‘NON-STANDARD GRAMMAR’.
Incorrect English , Examples include phrases like ‘We was down the road.’
What is ‘SLANG’?
Informal, often group-specific language, such as ‘bare’ or ‘peak’.
What does ‘COLLOQUIALISM’ mean?
Language that is standard but informal, like ‘knackered’ or ‘telly’.
What is ‘ELISION’?
Missing out sounds, such as in ‘gonna’ or ‘shoulda’.
Define ‘ELLIPSIS’.
Missing out words, as in ‘Better get on with it.’
What are ‘NON-FLUENCY FEATURES’?
Evidence that the text is unplanned or spontaneous, reflecting awkward or sensitive subjects.
What does ‘SELF REPAIR / FALSE START’ indicate?
Correcting oneself in speech, e.g., ‘She told - she said that…’
What is a word with little meaning referred to as?
Filler eg. ‘Like’ or ‘you know’.
What does ‘TIMED PAUSE’ refer to?
A deliberate pause in conversation.
What is a ‘FILLED PAUSE’?
Sounds such as ‘Urr’ or ‘ummm’.
What does ‘HEDGE’ do in conversation?
Softens a request or statement, e.g., ‘like’, ‘kind of’, ‘possibly’, ‘maybe’.
What does ‘STRUCTURE OF CONVERSATION / TURN-TAKING’ reflect?
Speaker status, interest in, and knowledge of the subject.
Define ‘TOPIC SHIFT’.
A change in topic during conversation.
What is a ‘DISCOURSE MARKER’?
Words or phrases that indicate a shift or change in conversation, such as ‘anyway’, ‘so’, ‘well’.
What is a ‘TAG QUESTION’?
A question added to a statement, e.g., ‘We can do it, can’t we?’
What does ‘INTERRUPTION’ mean in conversation?
When someone begins speaking before the other person has finished.
Define ‘SIMULTANEOUS SPEECH’.
When two or more people speak at the same time.
What is ‘BACKCHANNELING’?
Feedback offered during conversation, such as minimal responses or laughter.
What are ‘BRIEF RESPONSES’?
Short replies in conversation, like ‘hmm’ or ‘yeah’.
What is an adjacency pair?
2 linked utterances (question-answer)
What are ‘3 LINKED UTTERANCES’? (3 part exchange)
A sequence involving a question, answer, and feedback.
