Paper 1 - psychopathology - phobias Flashcards

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1
Q

Identify the three types of phobia characteristics?

A

Emotional, cognitive and behavioural

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2
Q

Identify two emotional characteristics?

A

excessive fear, anxiety, unreasonable response (running away, more danger than thought)

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3
Q

Identify two cognitive characteristics?

A

Irrational beliefs, selective attention and cognitive distortions

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4
Q

What are the categories of Phobia

A

Specific phobias- an object or a specific situation

Social phobia- social situation

Agoraphobia- avoid places or situations that make you feel trapped, helpless or embarrassed

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5
Q

Identify two behavioural characteristics?

A

panic - heavy breathing, startled, crying

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6
Q

What is systematic desensitisation?

A

Gradual exposure, anxiety heirarchy, relaxation techniques, reciprocal inhibition, phobia extinguished when relaxation achieved at final stage of heirarchy.

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7
Q

What is flooding?

A

Immediate exposure, prevents avoidance behaviour, stress cant be biologically maintained- stress then extinguished

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8
Q

Strengths of Systematic desensitisation

A

Evidence base for its effectiveness- effective at treating phobias.

Can be used on anyone, more universal method

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9
Q

Outline the two process model?

A

Acquisition - classical conditioning
- phobias learnt through association

Example
UCS (being bitten) — unconditioned response (fear)
neutral stimulus (dog) — no response
ns + UNCS — UCR
CS (seeing a dog) — CR(fear)

Maintenance - operant conditioning
- negative reinforcement - ongoing avoidance prevents an unpleasant physical response

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10
Q

Strength and a weakness on flooding

A

Strength- more cost effective, cost effective treatment

Weakness- highly unpleasant experience, should be avoided due to this

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11
Q

outline a strength of the two process model

A

P- Little albert supportive research
E - child shown white mouse then heard a loud banging which made him cry
E - controlled study - provides clear cause and effect of learning through classical conditioning
CA - ethical issues - child not protected from harm

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12
Q

Outline a weakness of the 2 process model?

A

P - ignores cognitive factors
E - to simple to say there is just an avoidance response - ignores cognitive
E - no explanation of the phobias and what causes the cognitions
L -

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