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Geography > Paper 1 Case Studies > Flashcards

Paper 1 Case Studies Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the importance of sand in Mangawhai New Zealand

A

Used for construction,concrete,glass and rainbowing

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2
Q

What is New Zealand’s GDP

A

248.1bn (2022) and 18.53bn (1978)

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3
Q

What percentage of the population in New Zealand live in Auckland

A

1/3 of total population

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4
Q

What percentage of New Zealand’s GDP does Auckland produce

A

35% of its GDP

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5
Q

What has been the growth in tourism in New Zealand

A

364,716 (Dec 2022) to 418,869 (Dec 2023)

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6
Q

What has been the extraction rate of sediment at Mangawhai

A

1994-2004: 165,000m3/yr
2005-current: 75,000m3/yr

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7
Q

Why is Mangawhai beach a closed system

A

It’s non renewable because it lacks rivers and wave action the extraction rates are 5x the inputs

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8
Q

What happened in 1978 in Mangawhai

A

A 28m spit breach during the 1978 storm altering tidal currents increasing the deposition of sediment in the harbour making it shallower

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9
Q

What is the New Zealand governments infrastructure plan

A

AD for sand is estimated to increase from 12.3 million to between 18.3 and 22.8 million annually in 30 years. The sand will be used in a 47bn dollar plan to improve infrastructure over 5 years in response to recent cyclones and floods

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of the Nile Delta

A

Drains into Mediterranean Sea
240km wide
It’s an arcuate delta
Outer edges being eroded

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11
Q

Why is the Nile Delta important

A

Rich agricultural region because the alluvial deposits are highly fertile
2/3 of population live in the Nile delta

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12
Q

What is the population size of Egypt

A

111million (2022)

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13
Q

What are some of the challenges of the Nile Delta

A

The Aswan high dam reduces the supply of nutrients in the river so the soil quality is poor this farmers use more fertiliser

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14
Q

What are some of the challenges to the Nile Delta Pt 2

A

Rising sea levels and the dam reducing deposits leads to increased erosion
Some places are loosing 100 yards/yr
And estimated 30cm increase in sea level by 2025 floods 200km2

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15
Q

What are some of the challenges of the Nile Delta Pt 3

A

Some farmers are importing sand to reduce erosion
Food shortages as it’s responsible for 60% of egypts food supply
Loss of history and culture e.g. Alexandria

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16
Q

What are the key landforms at the Nile Delta

A

Damietta onshore bar-> formed lake Manzala, largest lagoon in Egypt
Lake El bullurus- salt water only 175cm at deepest point

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17
Q

What are the key landforms at the Nile Delta Pt 2

A

Sabkhas- LSD forms bars across lagoon when water evaporates salt flats form
Gamsa sand dunes- developed between Manzala and Bullurus

18
Q

What are the key landforms at the Nile Delta pt 3

A

Crescentic bars at Alexandria - formed by rip currents and onshore waves with little LSD

19
Q

Where is the salt burn to flamborough head coastline located

A

North Yorkshire

20
Q

How long is the salt burn to flamborough head coast line

A

60km

21
Q

How high are the adjacent north York moors

A

400m above sea level

22
Q

What is the composition of the moors

A

Sandstone,shale and limestone formed in Jurassic period

23
Q

What is the geology of flamborough head

A

Chalk headland
Cliffs topped with glacial till

24
Q

What is the wave direction at Saltburn

A

North and north east

25
Q

What is the fetch of the waves at saltburn

A

> 1500km

26
Q

In what direction does LSD take place at saltburn

A

North to south

27
Q

What is the erosion rate of the weak shale and clay at saltburn

A

0.6m/year

28
Q

What is the erosion rate of resistant sandstone and limestone at saltburn

A

<0.1m/yr

29
Q

What are the average wave heights at Whitby bay

A

> 4m

30
Q

What sediment cell is the saltburn coastline located in

A

1d

31
Q

What is the origin of the coastal sediment at saltburn

A

Cliff erosion
Offshore sediment driven onshore after the last ice age
Small fluvial deposition from the river Esk

32
Q

Why is fluvial deposition limited

A

Construction of weirs and reinforced banks

33
Q

How much sediment was input in saltburn between 2008-2011

A

9245m3 relatively large due to winter storms

34
Q

What is the placement of sedimentary rock at saltburn

A

Horizontally bedded, creating a vertical and steep cliff profile

35
Q

What are the cliffs at flamborough head composed of

A

Resistant chalk with strong mineral bond

36
Q

How tall are the cliff at saltburn

A

20-30m

37
Q

What angle are the cliffs lowered to why

A

40° due to mass movement of glacial till

38
Q

What coastal landscape feature can be found at Robin Hoods bay

A

Shore platform
Slope ranges from 1° to 15°
500m wide

39
Q

What coastal landscape features may be found at Seleucid bay

A

Caves and arches in chalk
Stack at Green stacks Pinnacle
>50 geos
Blowholes

40
Q

What prevents spits from forming by LSD at saltburn

A

High tidal range 3-6m

41
Q

What type of coastline is at saltburn

A

Discordant

Geography (8 decks)

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