ELSS Flashcards
What is a human factor that disrupts in Amazon
Deforestation 17,500km2/yr from 1970-2013
What levels did the Porto Velho river reach
19.68m above normal 68,000 families evacuated
How does deforestation affect carbon cycle
Grasslands 16.2tonnes/ha and soya cultivation 2.7tonnes/ha
Physical disrupts
Releas 1.7 billion tonnes of carbon through decomp
What are the average temperatures in the Alaskan tundra
Between 0 and -30 degrees c for 8-9 months
What is the average rainfall in the Alaskan tundra
Low 50-350mm annually mainly snow
What are some human factors affecting the carbon cycle in the Alaskan tundra
Deposition of dust along the roads causes the ice and snow to melt
Removal of vegetation
Gas flaring and oil spills
Increased microbial activity in warmer soil increasing decomp
What are some strategies to manage change in water and carbon cycles Alaskan tundra
Infrastructure built on gravel pads helps protect permafrost from melting
Buildings and pipelines built on piles allowing cold air to circulate
Refrigerated supports on trans Alaskan pipeline and infrastructure stabilise permafrost temp
What percentage of global river discharge does the Amazon represent
15-20%
What % of the worlds annual CO2 does Amazon absorb
35% and procedures 20% of oxygen
What % of plant species may become extinct by 2050
40%
What the average temperatures in the Amazon rainforest
25-30 degrees Celsius
What is the annual rainfall in the Amazon
High rainfall >2000mm
What % of precipitation is recycled by evaporation in the Amazon
Between 50 and 60%
How much CO2 do large trees absorb
180 tonnes per hectare
How many tonnes of carbon does Amazon rainforest absorb
2.4 billion tonnes a year
What have deforestation averaged between 1970 and 2013
17,500km2 per year
How many families evacuated from floods in Madeira river
68,000 families
How long is the salt burn to flamborough head
60km long
How big is the fetch at saltburn coast
1500km
How big are waves at saltburn coast
Often exceed 4m high
Mangawhai
Large urban area 1/3 population and 35% gdp
How much sand mining down in New Zealand coast
1994-2004 165,000m3 per year
2005- current 75,000m3 per year
What impact of sand mining
1978 spit breach 28m
