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Geography > ELSS > Flashcards

ELSS Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a human factor that disrupts in Amazon

A

Deforestation 17,500km2/yr from 1970-2013

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2
Q

What levels did the Porto Velho river reach

A

19.68m above normal 68,000 families evacuated

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3
Q

How does deforestation affect carbon cycle

A

Grasslands 16.2tonnes/ha and soya cultivation 2.7tonnes/ha

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4
Q

Physical disrupts

A

Releas 1.7 billion tonnes of carbon through decomp

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5
Q

What are the average temperatures in the Alaskan tundra

A

Between 0 and -30 degrees c for 8-9 months

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6
Q

What is the average rainfall in the Alaskan tundra

A

Low 50-350mm annually mainly snow

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7
Q

What are some human factors affecting the carbon cycle in the Alaskan tundra

A

Deposition of dust along the roads causes the ice and snow to melt
Removal of vegetation
Gas flaring and oil spills
Increased microbial activity in warmer soil increasing decomp

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8
Q

What are some strategies to manage change in water and carbon cycles Alaskan tundra

A

Infrastructure built on gravel pads helps protect permafrost from melting
Buildings and pipelines built on piles allowing cold air to circulate
Refrigerated supports on trans Alaskan pipeline and infrastructure stabilise permafrost temp

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9
Q

What percentage of global river discharge does the Amazon represent

A

15-20%

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10
Q

What % of the worlds annual CO2 does Amazon absorb

A

35% and procedures 20% of oxygen

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11
Q

What % of plant species may become extinct by 2050

A

40%

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12
Q

What the average temperatures in the Amazon rainforest

A

25-30 degrees Celsius

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13
Q

What is the annual rainfall in the Amazon

A

High rainfall >2000mm

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14
Q

What % of precipitation is recycled by evaporation in the Amazon

A

Between 50 and 60%

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15
Q

How much CO2 do large trees absorb

A

180 tonnes per hectare

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16
Q

How many tonnes of carbon does Amazon rainforest absorb

A

2.4 billion tonnes a year

17
Q

What have deforestation averaged between 1970 and 2013

A

17,500km2 per year

18
Q

How many families evacuated from floods in Madeira river

A

68,000 families

19
Q

How long is the salt burn to flamborough head

A

60km long

20
Q

How big is the fetch at saltburn coast

A

1500km

21
Q

How big are waves at saltburn coast

A

Often exceed 4m high

22
Q

Mangawhai

A

Large urban area 1/3 population and 35% gdp

23
Q

How much sand mining down in New Zealand coast

A

1994-2004 165,000m3 per year
2005- current 75,000m3 per year

24
Q

What impact of sand mining

A

1978 spit breach 28m

25
Q

What happened in 2015

A

Auckland had 2.3 million foreign visitors

26
Q

What coastal zone width

A

Between 48-111 metres

Geography (8 decks)

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