Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ULSD ORAD II - 2024 > Panoramic Technique > Flashcards

Panoramic Technique Flashcards

1
Q

On the panoramic images, “ghost images” will be on the __(1)__ side of the true anatomic location of the object and at a __(2)__ level because of the upward inclination of the x-ray beam.

A

(1) opposite

(2) higher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

The anterior teeth will appear larger if the _______

A

(a) teeth are positioned too far back on the bite-block (farther from the detector).

OR

(b) canine line is too far forward.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What type of error in panoramic imaging results in a large radiolucent band over the apices of the maxillary teeth?

A

Poor tongue placement / not placed flat against the roof of the mouth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What technique errors are present in this panoramic radiograph?

A

Metallic objects not removed from the patient.

AND

Patient’s tongue was not placed flat against the hard palate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the error in this image?

A

Chin up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Tilting of the patients head results in what effects to the dentition appearance?

A

reduced size of the teeth on the tilted side
greater overlap of teeth on the opposite side
canted occlusal plane to tilted side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the error that results in obscuring some areas in this image?

A

Patient positioning error - Chin tilted too far down (convex occlusal plane)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What went wrong with this image?

A

Patient positioning error - Patient too far forward, so the spine superimpose over ramus area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do you explain the midline radiopacity in the image?

A

Patient exposure error - The patient was slumping as they put only their head forward instead of physically moving both their head and body, so the spine, in a more oblique position, absorbed more x-ray and produced a superimposed ghost image in the midline.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A ghost image appears in a (higher/lower) position than the original.

A

Higher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

One of the most characteristic ghost images is of the ____ and it appears as a central midline radiopacity that broadens inferiorly.

A

spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When looking at the occlusal plane slope of a panoramic image, a convex curve of the line indicates that the patient’s head is tilted too far _____ while a concave line indicates that the head is too far _____ .

A

When looking at the occlusal plane slope of a panoramic image, a convex curve of the line indicates that the patient’s head is tilted too far __down___ while a concave line indicates that the head is too far __up__.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Panoramic Imaging is routine. Panoramic radiography is a useful alternative technique for a patient that presents with a severe gagging reflex on intraoral imaging.

A.) Both statements are true.
B.) First statement is true, second statement is false.
C.) First statement is false, second statement is true.
D.) Both statements are false.

A

C.) First statement is false, second statement is true.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

If your patient has additional teeth that are located lingually, would they appear clearly on a panoramic radiograph?

A

No, they would not be observed clearly. They may not be imaged clearly because they are just outside the lingual aspect of the image layer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

If your radiograph depicts a curvature in the plane of the maxillary teeth, what does this indicate?

A

The patient’s head was positioned downwards.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the first characteristic of the dentition that may indicate that a technical error may have occurred?

A

Occlusal plane slope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are some characteristics of chin-up patient positioning errors?

A

flattening of the occlusal plane
blurring of maxillary root tips
mandibular teeth are more focused

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 3 technical phases in the workflow for panoramic image acquisition?

A

preparation, positioning, and exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What would be the effect of an incorrectly placed lead apron?

A

A characteristic radiopaque domed artifact that also obscures diagnostic information associated with the mandible.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What happens when the chin is tilted too far down?

A

It influences the shape of the occlusal plane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

True or false: It is a major/critical error if the TMJ is not visible in the radiograph.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is ghost imaging?

A

It is a normal component of the panoramic projection and occurs when an object is imaged twice by the x-ray beam.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are some examples of artifacts from metallic objects?

A

-actual and ghost images of earrings
-actual images of eyeglasses
-actual midline images of tongue rings
actual images of necklaces or bib chains
-hair clips on the back of the patient’s head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is a complementary dental imaging modality to intraoral radiography?

A

Panoramic radiography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What do earrings cause in panoramic imaging?

A

A ghost image that projects on the opposite side. It shows a dense object that obscures anatomy.

25
Q

T/F: one of the most common patient preparation errors is failure to remove metallic objects (ex. earrings)

A

True

26
Q

How many alignment reference planes are there for panoramic images?

A

3

27
Q

Panoramic images require patients to be stable for how long?

A

15 seconds, on average

28
Q

What are the panoramic interpretation zones? What do they each contain?

A
  1. midline superior
    - nose , maxillary sinus, orbit
  2. lateral superior, bilateral
    - TMJ, temporal bone, cranial base
  3. lateral middle, bilateral
    - ramus of mandible, spine, upper airway
  4. lateral inferior, bilateral
    - hypoid bone, soft tissue of neck, oropharynx
  5. mandibular body
  6. dentition
29
Q

Each side of the nasal cavity divided by the nasal septum is referred to as _____________ .

A

nasal fossa

30
Q

True/False: It is required in the state of Kentucky for the patient to be wearing a thyroid collar while having a panoramic image done.

A

False

31
Q

During the exposure step of the panoramic radiograph technique, where should the patient should be instructed to place their tongue?

A

Completely flat against the roof of their mouth.

32
Q

Which of the following is NOT an indication for a panoramic radiograph?
A. Examination of an edentulous patient
B. Evaluation of facial bones after a trauma
C. Evaluation of third molars
D. Evaluation of interproximal caries

A

D. Evaluation of interproximal caries

33
Q

Which area(s) should be evaluated to determine if there is “burn out” or “white out” on a radiograph?
A. The apices of the maxillary teeth
B. Posterior airway space as it superimposes over the angle of the mandible
C. The mental region on the mandible
D. A & B

A

D. A & B

34
Q

Is under and over exposure a major error, minor error or ideal and does it require a re-take?

A

They are both a major error and yes they both require a re-take.

35
Q

What incorrect positioning causes the TMJs to be positioned higher and the hyoid bone to form a single wide line?

A

patient’s chin is down

36
Q

What is wrong with this image? Does a retake need to be done?

A

Under exposure,
Missing the condyles.

Needs a retake

37
Q

T/F: During patient positioning, the chin rest should be adjusted to be slightly higher than the patient’s chin, forcing them to slightly raise their head.

A

True. This allows for easier adjustments

38
Q

T/F: patients should be directed to hold their tongue directly against the roof of the mouth

A

True. Patients should hold their tongue against the ROOF of the mouth

39
Q

In most panoramic images, the ____ will overlap due to inherent x-ray beam projection to the arch of the teeth in this region.

A

premolars

40
Q

True or false: adjustments made to the vertical plane (canine line) include modifying the way the head is tilted up or down.

A

False! If the patient’s head is too anterior or too posterior, then vertical plane adjustments should be made. If the head is tilted up or down, then horizontal plane adjustments should be made.

41
Q

Explain the vertical plane in your own words.

A

determines the anterior-posterior position of the dentition and should coincide with the distal aspect of the maxillary canine

42
Q

What are the final instructions to the patient just before exposure and what is the principal effect of this?

A

“swallow and hold your tongue completely flat against the roof of your mouth”

The principal effect of this is to reduce areas of relative radiolucency associated with the oro- and nasopharyngeal airspaces which can obscure visualization.

43
Q

How does an object that is lingual to the center of the focal trough appear on a panoramic radiograph?

A

appears higher, wider with a horizontal distortion

44
Q

Does ghosting of an object appear on same or contralateral side of a panoramic image?

A

opposite

45
Q

Which of the following statements are true?

I. Panoramic Images are used as a preoperative assessment of implants.
II. Panoramic Imaging is routine.
III. Panoramic Images are not supplemented with bitewings or PAs.
IV. Panoramic Images are used to effectively evaluate impacted third molars.

A

I. Panoramic Images are used as a preoperative assessment of implants.
IV. Panoramic Images are used to effectively evaluate impacted third molars.

46
Q

Why should a Thyroid collar never be used in Panoramic Imaging?

A

Because it obstructs the x-ray beam too much.

47
Q

What are the 3 planes to consider in patient positioning for panoramic radiographs?

A
  1. Vertical Plane (canine line)
  2. Horizontal Plane
  3. Mid-sagittal plane
48
Q

A convex occlusal plane (smiley face) on a panoramic radiograph indicates which patient positioning error?

A

The patients head is tilted too far down.

49
Q

A concave occlusal plane (frowny face) on a panoramic radiograph indicates which patient positioning error?

A

The patients head is tilted too far up.

50
Q

The ideal panoramic image has 3 features. What are they?

A
  1. Adequate exposure
  2. Correct anatomic representation
  3. Adequate density in order to recognize anatomic features
51
Q

During intraoral radiography, if a patient moves the image becomes blurred.
What happens in panoramic imagining when the patient moves?

A

different artifacts appear. ex: defect to the lower jaw, extra premolar. - blurring only occurs when the patient is not positioned correctly

52
Q

True or false: A ghost image will appear at a lower position than the original.

A

False

53
Q

True or False: “Intraoral radiography is currently a complementary dental image modality to panoramic radiography.”

A

FALSE. “Panoramic radiography is currently a complementary dental imaging modality to intraoral radiography.”

54
Q

What should you tell the patient to do during a panoramic radiograph in order to avoid “Radiolucent band over apices of maxillary teeth”?

A

Radiolucent band over apices of maxillary teeth can be avoided by instructing the patient to swallow and hold tongue completely flat against the roof of the mouth.

55
Q

What techniques are panoramic image formations based on?

A
  1. The x-ray beam projection is just a slit of radiation
  2. There is a synchronous horizontal rotational motion of the x-ray projection that goes through the patient and onto the digital receptor.
56
Q

Teeth that are labial or buccal to the center of the image layer appear (higher/lower) and (wider/narrower).

A

lower, narrower

57
Q

What is wrong with the following PAN image? Is it a major or minor error?

A

Over-exposure and the patient is slumped, major error

58
Q

What should be suspected in a panoramic image if the patient’s left ramus appears smaller than the right ramus?

A. The patient’s head was slightly tilted to the right.
B. The patient’s head was slightly tilted to the left.
C. The patient’s head was slightly twisted to the left.
D. The patient’s head was slightly twisted to the right.
E. The patient’s head was slightly tilted downwards.

A

C. The patient’s head was slightly twisted to the left and the left condyle was closer to the detector.

59
Q

What are some ways to minimize radiation dose?

A

Panoramic selection criteria, individualize technique factors depending on patient, staff training, using patient protective shield

60
Q

Images produced on the “standard mode” often result in panoramic images with two image projection artifacts. What are they?

A
  1. Noticeable overlap of the interproximal contacts in the premolar and molar regions.
  2. Significant shadowing of the angle and ramus of the mandible from the contralateral side.

ULSD ORAD II - 2024 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions