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ULSD ORAD II - 2024 > Intraoral Techniques > Flashcards

Intraoral Techniques Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: Periapical, Bitewing, and Occlusal are all intraoral receptor X-rays.

A

True

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2
Q

1) PA radiographs are used to examine the entire tooth (crown and root) and supporting bone.
2) PA imaging is used to evaluate periapical lesions and periodontal disease.

A) 1st statement is true, 2nd statement is false
B) Both statements are true
C) 1st statement is false, 2nd statement is true
D) Both statements are false

A

B) Both statements are true

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3
Q

Which of the following is a correct statement regarding Periapical imaging.

A) Used to evaluate the relation between caries lesions and periapical pathos is.
B) Can evaluate dental anomalies.
C) Able to identify calcifications and pulp stones.
D) Evaluates the relationship of deciduous and permanent teeth.
E) All of the above are true.

A

E) All of the above are true.

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4
Q

ULSD does NOT have the hardware available to produce which intraoral radiograph view?

a. Periapical
b. Occlusal
c. Bitewing
d. Panoramic

A

b. Occlusal

They have been phased out due to the increased use of CBCT.

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5
Q

Osteolytic periapical lesions of pulpal origin on a radiograph appear more radio(opaque/lucent).

A

radiolucent

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6
Q

Which type of x-ray view should you take if you suspect a pulp stone or other calcifications may be present?

A

Periapical

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7
Q

What is the long axis of a tooth?

A

Imaginary line that divides the tooth lengthwise into two equal halves.

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8
Q

What is a central beam?

A

Central part of the primary x-ray beam

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9
Q

What is the triangle isometric theorem?

A

2 triangles are equal if they have 2 equal angles and share a common side

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10
Q

What are the two techniques that can be used to take periapical (PA) X-rays?

A

Paralleling and Bisecting Angle

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11
Q

When taking a periodical radiograph with the bisecting angle technique, the receptor should be positioned along the __________ (buccal/lingual) surface of the teeth.

A

lingual

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12
Q

A _________ (high/low) vertical angulation will result in elongation of the teeth.

A

Low

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13
Q

Which option correctly describes the different techniques for periapical radiographs labeled in the following image:

a. A: Paralleling, B: Bisecting angle
b. A: Paralleling, B: Paralleling
c. A: Bisecting angle, B: Paralleling
d. A: Perpendicular, B: Paralleling
e. A: Bisecting angle, B: Perpendicular

A

c. A: Bisecting angle, B: Paralleling

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14
Q

What size of receptor do we use for anterior teeth PA?

A

Size 1

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15
Q

What is the active area of a sensor?

A

region of the sensor that is capable of capturing an image

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16
Q

In the Rinn XCP, anterior PAs receptor holders are the color __, whereas posterior receptor holders are ___.

The anterior ring is interchangeable with the ___ ring of bitewing radiographs as they are the same shape and size.

A

blue ; yellow ; red

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17
Q

T/F The yellow receptor holder is used for posterior teeth

A

True

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18
Q

T/F: The blue receptor holders (ring, metal rod, and bite block) are used for bitewings.

A

False- the red receptor holder system is for bite wings

But the red and blue RING are interchangeable and can be used on bitewings and anterior periapical.

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19
Q

Which periapical technique requires a greater source to receptor distance and why?

A

The Paralleling technique b/c it typically has a greater object-to-receptor distance.

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20
Q

Which of the following would result in maxillary tooth foreshortening?

a) incorrect sensor placement
b) aiming cylinder placement too low
c) aiming cylinder placement too far to the right
d) aiming cylinder placement too high

A

c) aiming cylinder placement too high (increased vertical angulation)

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21
Q

Which periapical technique requires the image receptor to be placed along the lingual surface of the tooth?
a) Occlusal
b) Bitewing
c) Paralleling
d) Bisecting angle

A

d) Bisecting angle

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22
Q

Where is the key interproximal space for the maxillary anterior lateral incisor?

A

It is between the mesial of the lateral incisor and distal of the central incisor.

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23
Q

For the periapical paralleling technique, where should the receptor be placed?

A

It should be parallel to the long axis of the tooth.

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24
Q

What is the sensor size selection for a periapical x-ray of a maxillary lateral incisor at ULSD?

A

Size 1 sensor

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25
Q

True or False: The central X-ray beam should be directed perpendicular to the interproximal contact area in the paralleling technique.

A

False. The central beam should be directed PARALLEL to the interproximal contact area and perpendicular to the receptor and long axis of the tooth

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26
Q

What are the size and position of the receptor used in a periapical x-ray of posterior teeth?

A

Size 2 receptor and should be placed in a horizontal position

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27
Q

What are the 3 geometric characteristics that affect the quality of radiograph?

A

Image Sharpness
Image Magnification
Image Distortion

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28
Q

Fuzzy, unsharp margin of radiographic image.

Penumbra or edge gradient

A

Unsharpness

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29
Q

What are the 2 intraoral projection techniques for PA radiography?

A

Paralleling

AND

Bisecting Angle

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30
Q

Is the bisecting angle or the paralleling technique the preferred method?

A

Paralleling

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31
Q

What is needed to be worn to protect the patient from radiation?

A

Lead apron

Thyroid shield

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32
Q

If an image is underexposed what does that mean?

A

Less x-ray photons are reaching the sensor

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33
Q

Incorrect horizontal angulation leads to?

A

Teeth interproximal overlap

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34
Q

When taking a maxillary occlusal image, what degree do you need to position the tube head?

A

+65 degrees

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35
Q

True or False: occlusal imaging technique is meant to be a primary image source

A

False: it is used complementary to other technique findings

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36
Q

How many images are included in an Full Mouth Series (FMX)?

A

20 total (when using a size #1 sensor for anterior teeth)
4 bitewing
16 periapical

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37
Q

What color plastic ring should be used for posterior PAs?

A

Yellow

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38
Q

What is the key interproximal space when taking bitewings on molars?

A

Between maxillary 1st and 2nd molars

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39
Q

How many maxillary PAs are completed in a full mouth series? How many mandibular?

A

9 for the maxilla

7 for the mandible

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40
Q

What are the 5 indications for taking a PA?

A

To evaluate…

  1. Periapical lesions and periodontal disease
  2. Relationship between caries and periapical pathosis
  3. Dental abnormalities
  4. Calcifications and pulp stones
  5. Deciduous and permanent teeth relationships
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41
Q

True or False: To compensate for object to receptor distance being higher in the paralleling technique, the source to receptor distance must be increased.

A

True

less divergence of the photons reaching the sensor

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42
Q

How much periapical bone should be included in a PA?

A

2-3 mm

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43
Q

Are digital sensors disinfected or sterilized?

A

disinfected

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44
Q

Teeth overlap is due to _____.

A

incorrect horizontal angulation

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45
Q

An underexposed x-ray would result in an overall (darker/lighter) image.

A

lighter

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46
Q

Ciesynski’s Isometric Rule (1907)

A

The image projected on the film is the same length and proportions as the object, as long as the central x-ray beam is perpendicular to the angle bisector formed by the film and object.

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47
Q

The hypotenuse of the imaginary triangles in the bisecting angle technique makes the long axis of…

A

The tooth and the plane of the film.

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48
Q

For proper horizontal angulation, the central beam should be ____ through the contact areas of the teeth.

A

Parallel

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49
Q

What size sensor should be selected when taking a periapical of the molars in the maxilla?

A

Size 2 sensor

50
Q

In paralleling technique, the central x-ray beam is directed in what direction in regards to the receptor and the long axis of the tooth?

A

The central x-ray beam is directed perpendicularly (at a right angle) to the receptor and the long axis of the tooth.

51
Q

List ways to increase patient comfort when taking an intraoral x-ray:

A
  • Remove the sensor from the patient’s mouth in between exposures
  • Swallowing before placement of sensor in mouth
  • Instruct the patient to breath through their nose
  • Provide the patient with positive distractions
52
Q

True or false: The occlusal technique requires a size 4 receptor which is easy to locate here at ULSD.

A

False! Although occlusal imaging does require a size 4 receptor, ULSD does not have these since this technique is being replaced by CBCT.

53
Q

In what periapical radiograph is it expected to have overlapping of the distal interproximal space in most cases?

A

maxillary canine (overlapping of canine-1st premolar interproximal space)

54
Q

For FMS, how many periapical radiographs of maxillary and mandibular ANTERIOR teeth are taken when using a size #1 sensor?

A 
5 maxillary (2 canines, 2 lateral incisors, 1 central incisors)
3 mandibular (2 canines, 1 incisors)
55
Q

When using bisecting angle technique, higher vertical angulation will result in teeth (foreshortening/elongation)?

A 
teeth foreshortening
(Lower vertical angulation will result in teeth elongation)
56
Q

The bisecting angle technique of radiographic imaging is based on what theorem?

A

The theorem of triangle isometry

57
Q

You position your patient and capture a radiographic image. When you look at the radiograph you see the image below. What error did you make when positioning the tube head?

A

You increased the vertical angulation of the tube head in a positive way on the maxilla; this resulted in teeth foreshortening.

58
Q

When taking an occlusal radiograph, you can expect that the digital image of the __(1)__ arch will be a better representation than the one taken for the __(2)__ arch.

A

(1) Mandibular (2) Maxillary

59
Q

What is the key interproximal space for periapical radiographs of mandibular molars?

A

Between the 1st and 2nd molar

60
Q

True or false: The blue and red rings are interchangeable in regards to the Rinn XCP system.

A

True

61
Q

The key interproximal space is an important component of which form of angulation?

A

Horizontal angulation

62
Q

What is the objective when using a periapical radiograph?

A

Examine entire tooth (crown and root) and supporting bone

63
Q

What size sensor should be used for bitewing radiographs?

A

Size 2

64
Q

What size sensor is used when taking a periapical radiograph of the mandibular molars using the paralleling technique?

A

Size 2 sensor

65
Q

What is the key interproximal space for a periapical radiograph of the mandibular incisors when using the paralleling technique?

A

Between the central incisors.

66
Q

Occlusal radiographs are not often used and have largely been replaced by _________.

A

CBCT

67
Q

When it comes to taking x-rays, what error will a higher vertical angulation cause in the resultant image? What error will a lower vertical angulation cause in the resultant image?

A

A higher vertical angulation causes teeth foreshortening

A lower vertical angulation causes teeth elongation

68
Q

Which of the following is NOT an indication for taking bitewing images?
A. Detection of incipient caries lesions
B. Relationship of caries lesions with the pulp cavity
C. Evaluate periapical lesions and periodontal disease
D. Alveolar crests and the presence of calculus

A

C - We should use periapical radiography to evaluate periapical lesions and severe periodontal disease.

69
Q

If there is incorrect horizontal angulation, the teeth will show __(a)______ along the ___(b)______.

A

(a) overlap

(b) interproximal spaces

70
Q

Which size sensor go with each type of imaging technique during an FMX 20?
PA - max. anteriors (CI, LI, & C) = ___(a)____
PA - max. posteriors (PM & M) = ___(b)___
PA - mand. anteriors (CI, LI, & C)= ___(c)___
PA - mand. posteriors (PM & M) = ___(d)___
BW - PM = ___(e)___
BW - M = ___(f)___

A

(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 1
(d) 2
(e) 2
(f) 2

71
Q

What size receptors do you use for anterior PA’s? Are they vertical or horizontal?

A

Size 1; vertical

72
Q

What size receptors do you use for posterior PA’s? Are they vertical or horizontal?

A

Size 2; horizontal

73
Q

The receptor should be ____ to the long axis of the tooth and the central x-ray beam should be ____ to the long axis of the tooth.

A

Parallel; perpendicular

74
Q

How many periapical radiographs are included in a full mouth series?

A

16

75
Q

What is the fundamental technique of paralleling?

A

The receptor is placed in the mouth parallel to the long axis of the tooth to be radiographed while the x-ray beam is directed perpendicular to the receptor and the long axis of the tooth.

76
Q

When utilizing the Bitewing technique the x-ray sensor should be positioned so that you see:
A) Maxillary Teeth Only
B) Mandibular Teeth Only
C) 1/2 Maxillary and 1/2 Mandibular Teeth
D) Anterior Teeth Only

A

C) 1/2 Maxillary and 1/2 Mandibular Teeth

77
Q 
This intraoral technique is mainly used to complement findings observed using other radiographic techniques:
A) Bitewings
B) CBCT
C) Periapical
D) Occlusal
A

D) Occlusal

78
Q

What causes cone cut? Is this considered an error in intraoral radiography?

A

If part of the receptor is not exposed to the X-ray photons, or the tube head is not aligned with the ring and has wrong horizontal or vertical angulations, this can cause a cone cut.

The ring is not the issue in this situation since it is made out of a material that does not interfere with the X-ray photons coming through.

Cone cut is indeed an error in technique.

79
Q

Why aren’t BWX used for anterior teeth?

A

Anterior teeth are thinner buccal/lingually. We can examine anterior teeth clinically, and complement them with PA radiographs. It is important to get as much of the crown as possible with this technique.

80
Q 
For which of the following is the #2 size sensor the appropriate choice?
I. Bitewing
II. Anterior Periapical
III. Posterior Periapical
IV. Occlusal
A.) II only
B.) I, II, and III
C.) I and III
D.) II and IV
E.) I, II, III, IV
A

C.) I and III

81
Q

Central beam directed parallel through the contact areas of the teeth?

A) horizontal angulation
B) vertical angulation

A

A) horizontal angulation

82
Q

Bitewing technique Premolars Key interproximal space

A

central ray directed parallel to the maxillary 2nd premolar - 1st molar interproximal space

83
Q

These teeth should appear in a bitewing (BWX) image of premolars:

A

For both maxilla and mandible:

distal half of canine
1st premolar
2nd premolar
1st molar
part of 2nd molar
84
Q

This is the type/model of sensor we use at ULSD:

A

Carestream RVG 6200 sensor

85
Q

What error made when taking a periapical image would lead to teeth foreshortening in the final image?

A

High vertical angulation

86
Q

What error made when taking a periapical image would lead to teeth elongation in the final image?

A

Low vertical angulation

87
Q

What type of imaging is each color of the receptor holder rings associated with?

A 
blue = anterior PA
yellow = posterior PA
red = bitewings

The blue and the red rings are the same and interchangeable.

88
Q

What is the key interproximal area for mandibular canines?

A

beam aimed so that it is open between canine, lateral incisor, and premolar (both mesial and distal of mandibular canines)

89
Q

Ring (and pins of the metal rod) color used for bitewings?

A

Red

90
Q

True or False: In paralleling, the central beam has to be parallel to the receptor and the long axis of the tooth

A

FALSE Central beam is perpendicular to the receptor and the long axis of the tooth

91
Q

Why are bitewings only taken of posterior teeth?

A

Because anterior teeth can be directly viewed and evaluated

92
Q

What is the method of holding the receptor in Bisecting Angle technique?

A

Using patient’s finger to hold the receptor

93
Q

What is one way of compensation for missing teeth in edentulous patients?

A

Using cotton rolls so that patient can bite on the RinnXCP more comfortably

94
Q

How many anterior periapical x-rays are taken of the maxilla? which teeth are included?
How many for the anterior mandible? Which teeth are included?

A

5-maxilla (central incisors, (2) lateral incisors, (2) canines)
3-mandible (central/lateral incisors, (2) canines)

95
Q

Do glasses have to be removed prior to taking PA radiographs?

A

yes

96
Q

Which Periapical x-ray has a the key interproximal space both distal and mesial surfaces?

A

Mandibular canines

97
Q

Which colored receptor holder has two possible ways of assembly?

A

The posterior PA receptor holder (Yellow)

98
Q

True or false: The key interproximal spaces are the same for each tooth regardless if it is maxillary or mandibular.

A

False. Maxillary canine’s key interproximal space is between the canine and lateral incisor whereas the mandibular canine’s key interproximal space is both the mesial and distal contacts of the canine

99
Q

For the periapical bisecting angle method, what finger is used to position the receptor in place for the maxilla?

A

Thumb

100
Q

What is the key interproximal space for maxillary canine radiographic image?

A

Mesial contact with lateral incisors

101
Q

When taking a maxillary canine periapical image what typically overlaps in its radiographic appearance?

A

Canine-1st premolar interproximal space

102
Q

What does it mean when you overexpose during an intraoral image?

A

More x-ray photons reaching sensor creating a higher density image (darker)

103
Q

What does it mean when you underexpose during an intraoral image?

A

Less x-ray photons reaching sensor creating a low density image (brighter)

104
Q

True or False? Cone cut is when the colored ring is pictured in the X-ray.

A

False

105
Q

When using the bisecting angle technique to acquire a periapical radiograph, which of the following should the central x-ray beam be perpendicular to?

A. Long axis of the tooth
B. Receptor
C. Imaginary line midway between the long axis of the tooth and receptor
D. Apex of the tooth
E. All of the above
A

C. Imaginary line midway between the long axis of the tooth and receptor

106
Q

Which of the following does NOT need to be visible in a bitewing radiograph?

A. Crown of the upper and lower teeth
B. Apices of anterior teeth
C. Key Proximal surfaces without overlap
D. Alveolar crests

A

B. Apices of anterior teeth

107
Q

For edentulous patients, what type of radiograph is most appropriate?

A

Panoramic radiograph

108
Q

True or False- In Kentucky, a lead apron is needed for every radiograph?

A

True

109
Q

The ___(1)___ colored ring(s) should be used for anterior teeth and the ___(2)___ colored ring(s) should be used for posterior teeth.

A
  1. Red or blue

2. Yellow

110
Q

True or False: Bitewing radiographs are used to evaluate all teeth in the mouth.

A

False - Bitewings are only used to evaluate posterior teeth.

111
Q

True or false? Periapical means to examine the entire tooth (crown and root) and supporting bone.

A

True

112
Q

What is the purpose in paralleling in radiography?

A

To minimize distortion of radiographed structures.

113
Q

What size receptor should you use on a child’s anterior teeth?

A

Size 0

114
Q

With the paralleling technique for periapical images, the object-to-receptor distance is (longer/shorter) and ideally requires the source-to-object distance to be (longer/shorter).

A

longer; longer

115
Q

Where is the key interproximal space for mandibular premolar periapical images?

A

between the 2nd premolar and 1st molar

116
Q

For bitewing imaging, what is the key inter-proximal space for molars?

A

The key interproximal space would be between the maxillary 1st and 2nd molar interproximal space

117
Q

Overexposure is an error in intraoral X-ray technique. How would your image look if you had this error?

A

Dark

118
Q

True/False - Seven periapical radiographs are taken for the mandible.

A

True

119
Q

What is the region of the sensor that is able to capture an image? And what is the region that does not capture an image?

A

active area; dead space

120
Q

What is the central part of the primary X-ray beam?

A

The Central Beam

121
Q

The receptor is placed _______ to the long axis of the tooth.

A

Parallel

122
Q

For which teeth would Bitewings be appropriate?

A.) Anterior teeth
B.) Premolars
C.) Molars
D.) B and C

A

D.) B and C

ULSD ORAD II - 2024 (4 decks)

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