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ULSD ORAD II - 2024 > Panoramic Anatomy > Flashcards

Panoramic Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Identify the landmarks that the numbered arrows are pointing to.

A

(1) Right ear canal
(2) Right coronoid process
(3) Soft tissue outline of the nose
(4) Posterior surface of the tongue
(5) Sigmoid notch
(6) Articular eminence

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2
Q

Identify the landmarks that the numbered arrows are pointing to.

A

(1) Right ear lobe
(2) (Bean shaped radiolucency) Anterior ethmoid air cell (Haller’s cell)
(3) Concha bullosa
(4) Nasal septum (Deviated)
(5) Inferior turbinate
(6) Left stylohyoid ligament
(7) Epiglottis

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3
Q

Identify the landmarks that the numbered arrows are pointing to.

A

(1) Cervical vertebra
(2) Inferior border of the zygomatic arch
(3) Right mental foramen
(4) Nasal Septum
(5) Left pterygopalatine fossa
(6) Mandibular canal
(7) (the white shadows) Ghost image of the cervical spine

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4
Q

Identify the landmarks that the numbered arrows are pointing to.

A

(1) Posterior wall of the right maxillary sinus
(2) Zygomatic process of the right maxilla
(3) Hyoid bone
(4) Anterior nasal spine
(5) Infraorbital canal / Wall of the infraorbital canal
(6) Hard palate
(7) Image of the contralateral part of the hard palate

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5
Q

Identify the landmarks that the numbered arrows are pointing to.

A

(1) Right condyle of the temporomandibular joint
(2) Neck of the right condyle
(3) Inferior border of the contralateral mandible (ghost image)
(4) Inferior border of the right mandible
(5) Floor of the left orbit
(6) Angle of the left mandible
(7) Left external oblique ridge
(8) Floor of the left maxillary sinus

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6
Q

What has occurred when the palatoglossal air space is present?

A

tongue is not against roof of mouth during imaging

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7
Q

Which is the only zone in panoramic images without soft tissue outlines or airway structures?

A

Zone 5 (includes mostly the mandibular body and soft issue immediately inferior to the lower border of the mandible)

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8
Q

Identify the bone shaded in yellow.

A

zygomatic bone

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9
Q

Identify the landmark that the arrows are pointing to.

A

Glenoid fossa

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10
Q

What type of retromolar canal is pictured?

A

type C

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11
Q

C1 is known as ___________ (axis / atlas)
C2 is known as ___________ (axis / atlas)
These can be seen in which zone?

A

C1: atlas
C2: axis

Zone 3

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12
Q

The stylohyoid process can be elongated and there are 3 types, what are they?

A

I: uninterrupted
II: pseudo-articulated
III: segmented

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13
Q

On a pano the most medial part of the condyle on the radiograph represent the _______________ (medial / lateral) pole of the condyle.

A

lateral pole of the condyle

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14
Q

What artifact(s) is found in Zone 5 and 6 of this panoramic?

A

central spine “ghost” image

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15
Q

What is the structure circled in red? And in which zone is it located?

A

Epiglottis

Zone 4

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16
Q 
Which of the following zones is shown bilaterally on a panoramic image?
A. Zone 1
B. Zone 3
C. Zone 5
D. Zone 6
A

B. Zone 3

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17
Q 
Which of the following is NOT a structure seen in zone 4?
A. Cervical vertebrae
B. Angle of the mandible
C. Hyoid bone
D. Styloid process
A

D. Styloid process

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18
Q 
What is the anterior most aspect of the mandible that can be identified on a panoramic image?
A. Submandibular gland fossa
B. Mandibular canal
C. Mental protuberance
D. Mental foramen
A

C. Mental protuberance

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19
Q

The four shapes of mandibular condyle heads include

A 
Ovoid (60%)
Bird beak (29%)
Diamond (9%)
Crooked finger (2%)
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20
Q

What are the three shapes of the sigmoid notch?

A

Round
Sloping
Wide

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21
Q

What are the shapes of the medial sigmoid depression?

Which one is the most common and which is the least common?

A
  1. tear-drop
  2. semilunar - most common
  3. circular - least common
  4. triangular
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22
Q

What area does zone 5 cover?

A

the mandibular body

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23
Q

List three landmarks in zone 5

A
  1. hyoid bone
  2. mental foramen
  3. genial tubercles
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24
Q

Is the mental ridge on top or below the mental fossa?

A

The mental ridge is below the mental fossa in the mandible.

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25
Q

Label the Panoramic Image Interpretation Zones (1-6)

A
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26
Q

What is located in Zone 1?

A

Nose, Sinuses, Orbits

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27
Q

Label these zone 4 areas where the white lines are pointing

A

first line- hyoid bone
second- calcified Critical cartilage
third- superior cornu of the thyroid cartilage

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28
Q

What zone is the hyoid bone found in?

A

zone 4 and 5

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29
Q

What is the foramen found in zone 5 in the mandible under the central incisors?

A

lingual foramen

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30
Q

True or False: Zone 6 includes the Nose, Sinuses, and Orbit.

A

False: Zone 1 includes the Nose, Sinuses, and Orbit.

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31
Q

Identify and Classify the landmark.

A

The landmark is a Retromolar Canal and it can be classified as Type B.

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32
Q

Identify the structure.

A

Mandibular Canal

33
Q

True or False: Zone 1 may contain some of the cervical vertebrae?

A

False - Zone 2 and 3 may contain some of the cervical vertebrae.

34
Q

True or False: Zone 1 of a panoramic image is primarily occupied by the maxillary teeth.

A

False - Zone 6 of a panoramic image is primarily occupied by the maxillary teeth.

35
Q 
Of the 4 anatomical variations of the mandibular condyle, which is the most common?
A. "Crooked Finger"
B. Diamond
C. "Bird Beak"
D. Ovoid
A

D. Ovoid (60%)

36
Q

What soft tissue structure can appear in zone 2 of panoramic images?

A

external auditory meatus

37
Q

which of the following landmarks is NOT usually found in zone 4?

a. Hyoid bone
b. Calcified Triticeous Cartilage
c. External Oblique Ridge
d. Cervical Vertebrae C3-C4

A

C. External Oblique Ridge

38
Q

What landmark is highlighted in this image, and in which zone is it located in?

A

infraorbital ridge, in zone 1

39
Q 
Which of the following landmarks is NOT associated with Zone 1?
A. nasal cavity
B. nasal septum
C. pterygomaxillary fissure
D. haller cells
E. external auditory meatus
A

E. external auditory meatus

This is a landmark for zone 2.

40
Q 
Which of the following are landmarks for zone 5?
A. mental foramen
B. angle of the mandible
C. hyoid bone
D. hamulus
E. A and C
A

E. A and C

41
Q

What causes a ghost image of the spine?

A

If the patient is slumped over, there will be excessive attenuation of the spine in the midline by the xray beam as it projects from behind the patient’s head during rotation. Don’t forget to tell your patient to stand up straight.

42
Q 
Which one of the following bones is not seen in a panoramic radiograph?
A. Temporal
B. Sphenoid
C. Zygomatic
D. Parietal
A

D. Parietal

43
Q

Which zone would contain the nasal septum in a panoramic image?

A

Zone 1

44
Q

A panoramic image can be divided into ___ zones.

A

Six

45
Q

Which zone of a panoramic includes the TMJ?

A

Zone 2

46
Q

Which zone of a panoramic includes the ramus of the mandible?

A

Zone 3

47
Q

Which landmark is the yellow arrow pointing to in the following image?

A

Medial sigmoid depression

48
Q

Which landmark is the black arrow pointing to in the following image?

A

Middle cranial fossa

49
Q

Which artifact are the black and white arrows pointing to in the following image?

A

Inferior turbinate “smear”

50
Q

What is circled in this image?

A

Ghost image of earring

51
Q

What are the arrows indicating in this image?

A

Mandibular canal

52
Q

Loss of a highly defined radiopaque outline representing the borders of the maxillary sinus is suggestive of what?

A

Thickening of the mucosa (ex. rhinosinusitis)

53
Q

The zygomatic process of the temporal bone and the zygoma (zygomatic bone) are separated by which suture?

A

Zygomaticotemporal suture

54
Q

Eagle syndrome is associated with which zone?

A

Zone 3

55
Q

T/F: you can identify the cervical vertebrae in Zone 2

A

True

56
Q

T/F: you can see the ramus of the mandible in Zone 1

A

False

57
Q

T/F: you can see the hyoid bone in Zone 4

A

True

58
Q

Label the six zones of a panoramic radiograph.

A
59
Q

ID What is being shown here?

A

Coronoid Process

60
Q

ID/Label the three nasal meati on this image.

A
61
Q

Should you be able to see the spine in a panoramic?

A

Yes

62
Q

Type 1(uninterrupted), type 2 (pseudo articulated), and type 3 (segmented) calcified stylohyoid bones are in what zone?

A

Zone 3

63
Q

In which zone is the incisive foramen visible?

A

Zone 6

64
Q

In which zone is the palatoglossus airway visible?

A

Zone 3

Zone 6 when the tongue is not against roof of mouth during imaging

65
Q

What types of features make up the anatomic complexity of a panoramic X-ray?

A

Hard tissue, soft tissue, airway spaces, and artifacts

66
Q

What is the approximate volume of the maxillary sinus in adults?

A

15 ml

67
Q

What anatomic structure of the nasal septum is not shown on a panoramic radiograph?

A

nasal septal cartilage

68
Q

What are the general shapes of the mandibular notch?

A
  1. round
  2. wide
  3. sloping
69
Q

How can you ensure the presence of the palato-glossal airway space (zone 6) in a panoramic image?

A

Tell the patient to push their tongue flat up to the roof of the mouth and hold still.

70
Q

The lateral pterygoid plate may produce a false image of a fracture to a specific landmark in zone 2. What landmark is associated with this false fracture?

A

Coronoid process

71
Q

Symptoms of ________ include: dysphasia, tinnitus, unilateral sore throat, unilateral facial or neck pain.

A

Eagle syndrome

72
Q

What anatomy is found in zone 2?

A

TMJ, cranial base

73
Q

What anatomy is found in zone 3?

A

ramus of mandible, spine, airway

74
Q

Why is it important to distinguish oral landmarks on a panoramic image?

A

To distinguish any abnormalities or pathologies on a panoramic image

75
Q

What does Zone 4 include?

A

Hyoid bone, lower portion or oropharynx and soft tissue structures in the lower neck

76
Q

In which Zone would the nose be?

A

Zone 1

77
Q

Where will the artifact of moving your tongue during a panoramic radiograph usually be?

A

Above the maxillary premolars

78
Q

Where should you see the lip outline?

A

Zone 6

79
Q

What zone is the ramus ghost image usually in?

A

Zone 5

ULSD ORAD II - 2024 (4 decks)

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