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radiology > Panoramic anatomy and Errors > Flashcards

Panoramic anatomy and Errors Flashcards

1
Q

the red line outlines what part of the mandible?

A

Posterior border of the ramus of the mandible

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2
Q

The green outlines what part of the mandible?

A

the inferior border of the mandible

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3
Q

the yellow outlines what part of the mandible

A

angle of the mandible

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4
Q

what is the arrow pointing to?

A

Articular eminence

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5
Q
A

condyle

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6
Q
A

glenoid fossa

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7
Q

Can the articular disk be visualized in a panoramic image?

A

No, the articular disk is not visualized in a panoramic image because it is a soft tissue structure.

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8
Q

the green outlines…

A

Floor of the maxillary sinus

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9
Q

the pink outlines…

A

Posterior wall of the maxillary sinus

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10
Q

what is 1?

A

zygomatic process of the maxilla

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11
Q

what is 2?

A

zygoma

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12
Q

what is 3?

A

zygomatic arch

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13
Q

what is circled?

A

pterygomaxillary fissue

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14
Q
A

maxillary tuberosity

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15
Q

what is 1?

A

nasal septum

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16
Q

what is 2?

A

inferior turbinate

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17
Q

what is 3?

A

floor of orbit

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18
Q

what does the BLACK line outline?

A

maxillary sinus

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19
Q

what does the WHITE line outline?

A

zygomatic process of the maxillary that continues as the zygomatic arch

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20
Q

what does the YELLOW line outline?

A

floor of orbit

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21
Q

what does the GOLD * line outline?

A

pterygomaxillary fissue

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22
Q

what does the YELLOW arrow point to?

A

nasal septum

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23
Q

what does the GREEN arrow point to?

A

inferior nasal turbinate

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24
Q

what does the BLUE arrow point to?

A

Hard palate

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25
External Auditory canal (EAC)
26
soft palate
27
What causes double images in panoramic radiography?
occurs when objects posterior to the center of rotation are intercepted twice by the x-ray beam.
28
Which objects commonly produce double images in panoramic radiographs?
- Cervical spine (C-spine) - Hyoid bone - Epiglottis
29
what is 1 on this double image?
Palatoglossal air shadow
30
what is 2 on this double image
cervical spine
31
what is 3 on this double image
soft palate
32
what is 4 on this double image
air way
33
what are the red arrows pointing to?
hyoid bone
34
what are the white arrows pointing to?
epiglottis
35
what pharyngeal space is 1?
Nasopharyngeal airspace ( posterior to nasal cavity)
36
what pharyngeal space is 2?
Oropharyngeal air space( soft palate to epiglottis)
37
what pharyngeal space is 3?
Palatoglossal airspace
38
What is the correct position for the patient during panoramic imaging?
The patient should be in an upright position to ensure accurate imaging.
39
What items must be removed before taking a panoramic radiograph?
Glasses Earrings Piercings Partial dentures Other jewelry
40
What should be explained to the patient before the panoramic procedure?
- The rotation of the machine. - The approximate duration of the procedure.
41
What are the five major positioning criteria for panoramic imaging?
1. Mid-sagittal plane (Midline) 2. Occlusal plane or Frankfort plane (Chin position) 3. Anterior-posterior jaw location (Bite block) 4. Cervical spine/Neck 5. Tongue and lip position
42
How should the patient’s mid-sagittal plane be positioned during panoramic imaging?
- Perpendicular to the floor. - Aligned with the beam indicator to coincide with the patient’s midline.
43
How is the Frankfort horizontal (FH) plane correctly positioned during panoramic imaging?
Parallel to the floor to ensure proper chin positioning.
44
What happens if the patient's chin is positioned too high during panoramic imaging?
The occlusal plane becomes flat or inverted (reverse smile line).
45
What effect does an incorrect chin position have on the vertical dimension of the face?
causes the vertical dimension of the face to appear decreased, making the image look distorted.
46
How do ghost images form when the chin is too high?
Ghost images of the palate are created, and they appear as a prominent radiopaque line that may superimpose the apices of the maxillary teeth.
47
How can you avoid the issues caused by an incorrect chin position?
Ensure the chin is positioned so the Frankfort plane is parallel to the floor
48
What happens if the patient bites too far forward during panoramic imaging?
- The anterior teeth appear narrow and blurred. - The cervical spine is superimposed on the rami (like an arch), distorting the image.
49
What is the correction for biting too far forward during panoramic imaging?
ensure the patient is biting in the groove of the bite tab to properly position the anterior teeth.
50
What happens if the patient bites too far backward during panoramic imaging?
- The anterior teeth appear widened and blurred. - The inferior turbinate and meati spread out bilaterally across the sinus. - The condyles appear near the lateral edges of the image. - A ghost image of the contralateral rami may appear.
51
What happens if the patient’s cervical spine is slumped during panoramic imaging?
a pyramid-shaped radiopacity appears, typically centered at the inferior aspect of the image.
52
What is the correction for a slumped cervical spine in panoramic imaging?
make sure the patient is positioned upright in the scanner, with their spine straight to avoid this distortion
53
what does this image show?
Ghost of Cervical Spine
54
What happens if the patient’s tongue is not positioned correctly during panoramic imaging?
a palatoglossal air shadow appears, obscuring the apices of the maxillary teeth.
55
What effect does incorrect lip positioning have on a panoramic radiograph?
airspace near the oral orifice is superimposed over the incisal aspect of the anterior teeth, causing distortion
56
What is the correction for tongue positioning errors in panoramic imaging?
Ensure the patient’s tongue is placed against the roof of the mouth (palate) to eliminate the air shadow.
57
How can you prevent errors from the lips during panoramic imaging?
Make sure the patient’s lips are closed to prevent airspace interference over the anterior teeth.
58
What is the ideal positioning for the condyles in a panoramic radiograph?
The condyles should be completely captured and perpendicular to the inferior aspect of the image
59
What shape should the occlusal plane have in an ideal panoramic image?
a slight U-shaped (smile) curve
60
How should the hard palate be positioned in an ideal panoramic radiograph?
flat and parallel to the floor
61
What does ideal symmetry look like in a panoramic image?
no asymmetry between the left and right rami of the mandible
62
What should the distortion of teeth look like in an ideal panoramic radiograph?
even and minimal distortion
63
What is the ideal position of the palatoglossal air shadow in panoramic imaging?
there should be no palatoglossal air shadow, as the tongue should be against the palate.
64
How should the spinal shadow appear in an ideal panoramic radiograph?
The spinal shadow should not obscure the region of interest (ROI)
65
How should the airway shadow appear in an ideal panoramic radiograph?
The airway shadow should not obscure the region of interest (ROI)
66
1.
Condylar head
67
2.
Sigmoid notch
68
3.
Coronoid
69
4.
Anterior border of ramus
70
5.
Mandibular canal
71
6.
Post. Border of Ramus
72
7.
Angle of the mandible
73
8.
Inferior border
74
9
Mental ridge
75
10
Genial Tubercle
76
11.
mental foramen
77
12.
Internal Oblique Ridge
78
13.
Lingula
79
14.
Hyoid Bone
80
15.
Glenoid fossa
81
16.
Articular eminence
82
17.
zygomatic arch
83
18
Post. wall max. sinus
84
19.
Floor of Max.Sinus
85
20.
Zygomatic process of maxilla
86
21.
Hard palate
87
22.
Floor of the orbit
88
23
Nasal septum
89
24.
Inferior choncha
90
25.
Pterygo max. fissure
91
26.
Maxillary tuberosity
92
32.
External acoustic meatus
93
33
styloid process
94
34
Shadow of ear lobe
95
35.
nose
96
36.
Shadow of Cervical spine
97
37.
Shadow of uvula
98
39.
Submandibular fossa
99
1.
Oropharyngeal airspace
100
2
Palatoglossal airspace
101
3
Nasopharyngeal airspace
102
4.
Oral orifice

radiology (6 decks)

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