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radiology > Object localization, extra oral radiography and advanced imaging in Dentistry > Flashcards

Object localization, extra oral radiography and advanced imaging in Dentistry Flashcards

1
Q

Why is object localization challenging in 2D images?

A

Hard to determine spatial relationships.

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2
Q

What are two methods to compare 2D images?

A

Examine projections at right angles or use the tube-shift technique (SLOB).

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3
Q

What advanced method aids in object localization?

A

3D imaging modalities.

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4
Q

What is the reference direction in the tube-shift technique?

A

Central ray directed perpendicular.

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5
Q

SLOB Rule(mnemonic)

A

Same side – Lingual
Opposite side - Buccal

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6
Q
A

Tube shift technique

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7
Q
A

Tube shift – Vertical angulation

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8
Q

Where is the receptor placed in extraoral imaging?

A

Outside the patient’s mouth.

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8
Q

What areas does extraoral imaging cover?

A

Large areas of the skull and jaws.

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9
Q

What are examples of extraoral imaging?

A

◈PA skull
◈Lateral cephalometric
◈Orthodontics
◈Oral Surgery

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10
Q

What do extraoral imaging detect?

A

Diseases, lesions, and conditions of Jaws

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11
Q

What do extraoral images evaluate?

A

◈Growth & Development
◈ Impacted teeth
◈ Trauma
◈Temporomandibular joint
◈Extent of large lesions

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12
Q

Why might intraoral imaging be challenging?

A

Due to swelling or discomfort.

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13
Q

How is the receptor positioned in a lateral cephalogram?

A

Parallel to the midsagittal plane.

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14
Q

What relationships does a lateral cephalogram evaluate?

A

Anteroposterior (AP) relationships between the maxilla, mandible, and cranial base.

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15
Q

What does a lateral cephalogram assess?

A

◈Skeletal structures
◈Soft-tissue relationships

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16
Q

What does a lateral cephalogram examine

A

◈Orthodontic evaluation
◈ Orthognathic evaluation

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17
Q

For a posteroanterior cephalometric projection, how is the canthomeatal line positioned?

A

At 10 degrees with the receptor.

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18
Q

How is the central beam directed in a posteroanterior cephalometric projection?

A

Perpendicular to the receptor.

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19
Q

Posteroanterior cephalometric projection indications:

A

◈Assess jaw skeletal relationships
◈Orthognathic surgical treatment planning
◈Evaluate craniofacial asymmetry

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19
Q

What anatomical landmarks define the canthomeatal line?

A

The outer canthus and external auditory meatus.

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19
Q

What do lateral and PA cephalometric views help examine?

A

Skeletal relationships in all three planes.

20
Q

What is the relationship between lateral and posteroanterior cephalometric views?

A

They are at right angles to each other.

21
Q

How are lateral and PA cephalometric views useful in treatment?

A

They monitor progress and treatment outcomes.

22
Q

How is the canthomeatal line positioned in Water’s projection?

A

At a 37-degree upward angle to the receptor.

23
Q

How is the central beam directed in Water’s projection?

A

Perpendicular to the receptor.

24
Q

What other sinuses are shown in a Water’s projection?

A

The frontal sinus and ethmoid air cells.

25
Q

What is another name for the Water’s projection?

A

Occipitomental projection.

26
Q

What does the Water’s projection primarily display?

A

The maxillary sinus.

27
Q

What other structures does the Water’s projection demonstrate?

A

Midfacial bones and orbits.

28
Q

What type of X-ray beam does CBCT use?

A

A cone-shaped X-ray beam.

29
Q

What does CBCT capture in the maxillofacial region?

A

A 3D volume.

30
Q

What type of X-ray source is used in CBCT?

A

A collimated X-ray source.

31
Q

What does the detector in CBCT do?

A

Records the number of photons exiting the patient.

32
Q

How do the X-ray source and detector move in CBCT?

A

They synchronously rotate around the patient.

32
Q

How many rotations are typically used in CBCT imaging?

A

180° to 360° rotation.

33
Q

How many images does the detector capture during each rotation?

A

100 to 600+ images at several hundred rotational angles.

34
Q

What type of images are captured during each rotation?

A

Raw or basis images.

35
Q

What type of projection are the captured images in CBCT?

A

2D projections.

36
Q

How do the images in CBCT relate to cephalometric images?

A

Each image is slightly offset from the next.

37
Q

What is the complete series of images in CBCT called?

A

Raw data or projection data.

38
Q

What is used to create 3D anatomical planes in MPR?

A

A stack of images, projection data, or raw data.

39
Q

What does MPR stand for in imaging?

A

Multiplanar Reformation.

40
Q

Where is the data imported for MPR?

A

Into viewing software.

41
Q

What does MPR allow for in terms of visualization?

A

Creation of 3D anatomical planes of the body.

42
Q

3 Anatomic Planes

A
43
Q

Curved planar reformat – Panoramic reformat

A
44
Q

Patient preparation & stabilization for CBCT

A

◈ Lead Apron for all patients
◈ No jewelry or dentures
◈ Stabilized patient to prevent motion artifact
◈ Chin up
◈ Lateral head support
◈ Head restraints

45
Q

Field of View

A
46
Q

In what format are CBCT images stored?

A

DICOM format.

47
Q

Can CBCT images be imported into third-party treatment planning software?

A

Yes

48
Q

Advantages of CBCT

A

◈ Better Visualization of structures
◈ Better Spatial orientation
◈ Finer detail
◈ Less radiation dose

49
Q

Disadvantages of CBCT

A

◈ Patient motion during the scan – motion artifacts
◈ Cost of equipment

50
Q

Uses of CBCT

A

◈Implants
◈Endo( Missed MB-2 canal, Root fracture, Internal root
resorption)
◈Ortho
◈Evaluation of impacted tooth
◈TMJ
◈Airway analysis
◈Pathology
◈Virtual planning of surgeries

radiology (6 decks)

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