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radiology > Imaging of Special Needs Patients > Flashcards

Imaging of Special Needs Patients Flashcards

1
Q

Name the four types of conditions that classify patients as having special needs.

A

Physical, medical, developmental, and cognitive conditions.

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2
Q

Why might imaging techniques need modifications for patients with special needs?

A

To ensure diagnostically acceptable images.

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3
Q

Are patients with gag reflexes considered special needs?

A

Yes

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3
Q

Who are considered patients with specific needs?

A

Pediatric
Endodontic
Edentulous
Pregnant patients
Patients with infections

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4
Q

What is the gag reflex?

A

An involuntary effort to vomit due to stimulation of the soft palate or posterior dorsum of the tongue.

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5
Q

What is the purpose of the gag reflex?

A

To act as a protective mechanism to clear airway obstruction.

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5
Q

Common areas that can provoke gag reflex include:

A

Posterior areas of the Mandible and Maxilla

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6
Q

Which tongue position help reduce the gag reflex?

A

Ensure the tongue is relaxed.

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7
Q

What should a patient do before receptor placement to reduce gag reflex?

A

Swallow

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8
Q

Why avoid informing the patient about the gag reflex?

A

The patient becomes more conscious which causes involuntary movements

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9
Q

How should the receptor be placed for a gag reflex-prone patient?

A

Parallel to the occlusal plane.

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10
Q

What adjustment can be made to receptor placement?

A

Rotate the receptor as needed once the desired area is reached.

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11
Q

What breathing technique can help mitigate the gag reflex?

A

Encourage nasal breathing because mouth breathing will aggravate gag reflex.

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12
Q

What task can distract patients to reduce the gag reflex?

A

Ask the patient to suspend their arms or wiggle their toes.

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13
Q

Exposure sequencing

A
  • Start with anterior
  • Premolars
  • Molars and bws at end
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14
Q

Waat radiographs should be performed for extreme gag cases?

A

EO / Panoramic images

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15
Q

What can be given to reduce tactile stimuli?

A
  • Ice water
  • Salt on tongue tip
  • Topical anaesthetic spray
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16
Q

Patients with physical disabilities may have limitations related to what?

A
  • Vision
  • Hearing
  • Mobility
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17
Q

With what can caregivers assist with during radiographic exams?

A

Hearing impaired patients
Developmental Disabilities

18
Q

How should communication be maintained with visually impaired patients?

A

Through clear verbal communication.

19
Q

What should be done before executing procedures for visually impaired patients?

A

Explain procedures prior to execution.

20
Q

What should be avoided in the presence of visually impaired patients?

A

Gesturing towards others.

21
Q

What can be used to aid communication with hearing-impaired patients?

A

Gestures and written instructions.

22
Q

How should you speak to a lip reader?

A

Face the patient and speak clearly and slowly.

23
Q

How can caregivers assist patients with upper limb disabilities?

A

By holding the sensor.

24
Q

What must caregivers wear when assisting patients for x rays?

A

Lead aprons and thyroid collars.

25
Q

Should operators hold the sensor for patients with upper limb disabilities?

A

No

26
Q

What should be done if a patient with lower limb disabilities is in a wheelchair?

A

Transfer to a chair when possible.

27
Q

What if transferring to a chair is not possible for a wheelchair-bound patient?

A

Conduct radiographic exams with the patient in the wheelchair.

28
Q

What is a developmental disability

A

Substantial impairment of mental or physical functioning which occurs before the age of 22 and is indefinite duration

29
Q

What are examples of developmental disability

A

Autism
Cerebral palsy
Epilepsy
Neuropathies
Intellectual disabilities

30
Q

What are some limitations with patients with developmental disability?

A

Coordination
Communication
Comprehension of instructions

31
Q

What can helpful in cases of coordination problems for patients with developmental disability?

A

Mild Sedation

32
Q

Why is radiography in children challenging?

A

Small anatomical structures and behavioral problems

33
Q

What must be used for pediatric radiographs?

A

Small receptors
Lead apron/Thyroid collar
Reduced exposure parameters

33
Q

What X Rays are taken at 3-6 years (primary dentition)

A

2 Anterior occlusal
2 Posterior bitewings
4 Posterior PAs

34
Q

What X Rays are taken at 7-12 years (mixed dentition)

A

2 Incisor PAs
4 Canine PAs
4 Posterior PAs
2-4 Posterior bitewings

35
Q

What challenges can arise during endodontic radiographs?

A

Rubber dam and endodontics instruments.

36
Q

What can assist in capturing images during endodontic procedures?

A

Endo ray film holders.

37
Q

Why might a single radiograph not suffice for multi-rooted teeth?

A

It may not capture all necessary projections so adjust it by 20 degrees.

38
Q

Why are radiographs important for edentulous patients?

A

Help assess bone structure, residual roots, and infections or tumors.

39
Q

What is the preferred imaging method for edentulous patients?

A

Panoramic
14 PA’s and occlusal for alveolar ridge

40
Q

What should radiographic examinations be limited to during pregnancy?

A

Only during diagnostic indications and mothers dental needs with lead apron and thyroid collar

41
Q

T or F: Intraoral Xray beam is highly collimated to head and neck region only and poses very less radiation dose to fetus?

A

True

42
Q

Oral infection can result in edema and swelling limiting what?

A

Mouth opening
Increased exposure time because of tissue swelling

43
Q

What is the preferred imaging for oral infections?

A

Panoramics or occlusal radiograph

radiology (5 decks)

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