pano positioning errors

Question 1

components of positioning errors

Answer 1

pt position and head alignment

Question 2

lips with pano

Answer 2

must be closed

Question 3

what should pts remove with pano

Answer 3

Dental appliances
Earrings
Necklaces
Hairpins
Glasses

Question 4

what dental appliances may not need to be remvoed for pano

Answer 4

those without metal

Question 5

Answer 5

glasses on

Question 6

Answer 6

necklace on

Question 7

Answer 7

hairpins left in

Question 8

PROPER POSITION for pano
* Teeth and jaws?
* occlusal plane?
* magnification?
* air space?
* No ghost image of?

Answer 8

• Teeth and jaws sharply depicted.
• Slight curvature of occlusal plane.
• Equal magnification on left and right side.
• No air space obstructing view of maxillary roots.
• No ghost image of cervical spine in midline.

Question 9

pt too far forward pano app

Answer 9

• Anterior teeth narrowed and blurred= outside the focal trough
• Cervical spine superimposed on ramus. (double real image of cervical spine).

Question 10

Answer 10

pt too far forward

Question 11

Answer 11

pt too far forward

Question 12

pt too far back pano app

Answer 12

Anterior teeth widened and blurred.
* Inferior turbinates and meati spread across maxillary sinuses.
* Condyles close to or cut off side of image.

Question 13

Answer 13

pt too far back

Question 14

Answer 14

pt too far back

Question 15

meati and turbinates?

Answer 15

Inferior turbinates and meati spread across maxillary sinuses= pt too far back

Question 16

pt chin down pano app

Answer 16

Excessive curvature of occlusal plane.
* Roots of mandibular anterior teeth are blurred.
* Rami/condyles tipped inward.
* Condyles close to or cut off top of image.
* Hyoid bone superimposed on mandible.

Question 17

Answer 17

pt chin down

Question 18

Answer 18

pt chin down

Question 19

can there be more than one positioning error in pano?

Answer 19

yes

Question 20

pt chin up pano app

Answer 20

Flat occlusal plane or reverse curvature.
* Roots of maxillary anterior teeth are blurred.
* Rami/condyles tipped laterally.
* Condyles close to or cut off side of image.
* Hard palate superimposed on maxillary apices.

Question 21

Answer 21

chin up

Question 22

Answer 22

chin up

Question 23

pano app if pt head is turned

Answer 23

• Unequal magnification of left and right side (teeth, ramus)
• Increased blurring and overlapping of contacts on side magnified

Question 24

Answer 24

pt head turned to the right

Question 25

head rotation and the focal trough

Answer 25

when the head turns one way the contralateral posterior teeth will move closer to the sensor and project narrower on image
the same side posteriors as the direction of roation will move further from the sensor thus appear magnified

Question 26

what errors are here

Answer 26

head turned to the left
palatoglossal air space

Question 27

lateral translation of head effect on pano

Answer 27

could be due to failure to engage bitstick properly
posterior teeth on same side as direction of translation are closer to sensor and will appear more narrow
posterior teeth opposite of translation direction will be further from sensor and thus magnified

Question 28

slumped pt pano app

Answer 28

ghost image of cervical spine

Question 29

Answer 29

pt slumped

Question 30

tongue not at roof of mouth

Answer 30

will produce palatoglossal airspace superimposed of mx PA

Question 31

Answer 31

palatoglossal air space

Question 32

Answer 32

palatoglossal airspace and open mouth

Question 33

opacity?

Answer 33

lead apron artifact

Question 34

opacities?

Answer 34

lead apron artifact and ghost image of cervical spine

Question 35

Answer 35

partial pano image

Question 36

pt movement pano app

Answer 36

can trace inf cortex of mandible to look for distortions

Question 37

Answer 37

pt movement

Question 38

Answer 38

pt movement