pano positioning errors Flashcards
components of positioning errors
pt position and head alignment
lips with pano
must be closed
what should pts remove with pano
Dental appliances
Earrings
Necklaces
Hairpins
Glasses
what dental appliances may not need to be remvoed for pano
those without metal
glasses on
necklace on
hairpins left in
PROPER POSITION for pano
* Teeth and jaws?
* occlusal plane?
* magnification?
* air space?
* No ghost image of?
- Teeth and jaws sharply depicted.
- Slight curvature of occlusal plane.
- Equal magnification on left and right side.
- No air space obstructing view of maxillary roots.
- No ghost image of cervical spine in midline.
pt too far forward pano app
- Anterior teeth narrowed and blurred= outside the focal trough
- Cervical spine superimposed on ramus. (double real image of cervical spine).
pt too far forward
pt too far forward
pt too far back pano app
Anterior teeth widened and blurred.
* Inferior turbinates and meati spread across maxillary sinuses.
* Condyles close to or cut off side of image.
pt too far back
pt too far back
meati and turbinates?
Inferior turbinates and meati spread across maxillary sinuses= pt too far back
pt chin down pano app
Excessive curvature of occlusal plane.
* Roots of mandibular anterior teeth are blurred.
* Rami/condyles tipped inward.
* Condyles close to or cut off top of image.
* Hyoid bone superimposed on mandible.
pt chin down
pt chin down
can there be more than one positioning error in pano?
yes
pt chin up pano app
Flat occlusal plane or reverse curvature.
* Roots of maxillary anterior teeth are blurred.
* Rami/condyles tipped laterally.
* Condyles close to or cut off side of image.
* Hard palate superimposed on maxillary apices.
chin up
chin up
pano app if pt head is turned
- Unequal magnification of left and right side (teeth, ramus)
- Increased blurring and overlapping of contacts on side magnified
pt head turned to the right
head rotation and the focal trough
when the head turns one way the contralateral posterior teeth will move closer to the sensor and project narrower on image
the same side posteriors as the direction of roation will move further from the sensor thus appear magnified
what errors are here
head turned to the left
palatoglossal air space
lateral translation of head effect on pano
could be due to failure to engage bitstick properly
posterior teeth on same side as direction of translation are closer to sensor and will appear more narrow
posterior teeth opposite of translation direction will be further from sensor and thus magnified
slumped pt pano app
ghost image of cervical spine
pt slumped
tongue not at roof of mouth
will produce palatoglossal airspace superimposed of mx PA
palatoglossal air space
palatoglossal airspace and open mouth
opacity?
lead apron artifact
opacities?
lead apron artifact and ghost image of cervical spine
partial pano image
pt movement pano app
can trace inf cortex of mandible to look for distortions
pt movement
pt movement
