Panic Revision-thinkers

Question 1

John Locke-classical liberal

Answer 1

1632-1704.
Two treaties of government 1609
Optimistic view of human nature
State: must be representative of its consenting governed
Education is the development of the individual
Society pre dates the state with natural laws and rights

Question 2

Mary Wollstone craft-Classical liberal

Answer 2

1759-1797
Vindication of the rights of men 1790
Vindication of the rights of women 1792
Argued for equal respect of individuality for men and women
Education was a way to reinvent the subjugation of women

Question 3

John Stuart Mill THE BRIDGE

Answer 3

1806-1873
On Liberty 1859 
Negative freedoms
Harm principle 
Human actions are self regarding or other regarding - human natures not set he recognised it was always improving 
Feared tyranny of majority

Question 4

John Rawls modern Liberal

Answer 4

1921-2002
A theory of justice 1971
Veil of ignorance justified a redistribution of wealth consistent with liberal principles
Human nature is rational and empathetic

Question 5

Betty Friedan-modern liberal

Answer 5

1921-2006
Feminine mystique 1963
Attitudes of society condemed women to under achievement
Cultral conditioning left women thinking their lot was down to human nature rather than their owm rationality and enterprise
Endorsed capacity for individuals to improve their life

Question 6

Thomas Hobbes-classical conservative

Answer 6

1588-1679
Leviathan(1651)
Sceptical view of human nature
State of nature-lives were solitary,poor,nasty,brutish and short
Natural chaos stemmed from abscence of authority
State power had to be autocratic to prevent conflicts within the state

Question 7

Edmund Burke-classical conservative

Answer 7

1729-1797
Reflections on the revolution in France 1790
Human nature: the crooked timber of humanity-able to percive perfection but not able to achieve it
The state rises organically controlled by a hereditary elite reared to rule
Localised communities are key to humanity’s survival little platoons
Economy: trade should involve organic free markets - laissez faire capitalism

Question 8

Michael Oakeshott-Bridge between one nation conservatism and new right

Answer 8

1901-1990
On being conservative 1962
Human nature: humanity is at it’s best when free from grand designs
State: should be guided by tradition and practical concerns.
Economy: free markets are voilitile and need state intervention

Question 9

Ayn Rand-new right

Answer 9

1905-82
Atlas shrugged 1957
Virtue of selfishness 1964
Human nature: we are and ought to be guided by rational self interest
State: confine it’s self to law order and national security promote positive liberty
Society: atomistic restrictions should be challenged

Question 10

Robert Nozik-New right

Answer 10

1938-2002
Human nature: egotistical driven by self ownership
The state: miniarchist state should out source contracts to private companies
Society: should be geared to individual self fulfilment