Core ideas of liberalism

Question 1

Mechanist theory

Answer 1

Linked to the writings of John Locke: mankind is rational and therefore capable of devising a state that is suited to it’s needs.

Question 2

Human nature

Answer 2

Optimistic view that human nature has the capacity to bring about progress and forge greater human happiness

Question 3

Egotistical individualism

Answer 3

Human beings are drawn to further their own selfish interests in order to attain their own happiness.

Question 4

Economic liberalism

Answer 4

Another term for capitalism stems from 3 factors
Private property considered a natural right

Individualistic in theory involving traders competing and cooperating

Thought to be of ultimate benefit to all- liberalism’s eternal optimism and belief in progress

Question 5

The liberal state

Answer 5

Renounces any sort of state where power is concentrated in the hands of one individual or a state that claims the “divine right” to hold power.

Question 6

Government by consent

Answer 6

A state is only legitimate if those under it have volunteered to be under its juristiction

Question 7

Promotion of tolerance

Answer 7

How could an individual seek self determination if his opinions and actions were to be forbidden by others

French philosopher Voltaire- “I detest what you say but will defend to the death your right to say it”

Question 8

Foundational equality/legal equality

Answer 8

Every individual is born equal with equal natural rights so should be entitled to legal equality in a liberal state

Question 9

Limited government

Answer 9

The government is limited in how it can act by it’s constitutions formal rules and precedures therefore the opposite of arbitrary rule.

Question 10

Negative freedom

Answer 10

Freedom in the absence of restraint

Question 11

Positive freedom

Answer 11

Freedom to do something