pancytopenia & aplastic anaemia Flashcards
1
Q
what is pancytopenia?
A
refers to low levels of RBC, WBC and pllatelets
2
Q
causes of pancytopenia ( infections, malignancy, autoimmune, drugs, other )
A
- infections - EBV, HIV, bacteria
- malignancy - leukaemia, lymphoma
- autoimmune - SLE
- drugs - azathioprine, gold
- other - pregnancy, renal failure
3
Q
what is aplastic anaemia? + examination
A
- disorder where the bone marrow fails to produce enough red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
- peripheral blood film - reveals pancytopenia
- bone marrow analysis - hypocellular bone marrow
- haematopoietic bone marrow largely replaced by fat cells
4
Q
symptoms of aplastic anaemia
A
- low RBC - fatigue, pallor, malaise
- low WBC - infections
- low platelets - mucosal bleeding, petechiae
5
Q
fanconi anaemia
A
- type of aplastic
- rare genetic disorder casing bone marrow failure
- pancytopenia usually diagnosed
- most progress to AML
- symptoms - abnormal thumbs, short stature, hyperpigmented skins
6
Q
causes of aplastic anaemia
A
- inherited genetic abnormalities
- excessive doses of drugs
- EBV
- hepatitis
- exposure to ionising radiation
7
Q
management of aplastic anaemia
A
- drug related - stop drugs
- immune-mediate - immunosuppressive tratemnet
- RBC and platelets can be transferred
- bone marrow allograft
