Pancreatic Endocrinology

Question 1

Epinephrine binds to
A) α-adrenergic receptors on the cell membrane of liver cells.
B) α-adrenergic receptors in the cytoplasm of liver cells.
C) β-adrenergic receptors on the cell membrane of liver cells.
D) β-adrenergic receptors in the cytoplasm of liver cells.
E) β-adrenergic receptors in the nucleus of liver cells.

Answer 1

C) β-adrenergic receptors on the cell membrane of liver cells.

Question 2

The binding of epinephrine to its receptor activates \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ which in turn activates \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
	A)	protein kinase A ; G protein
	B)	protein kinase A ; adenylyl cyclase
	C)	adenylyl cyclase ; G-protein
	D)	G-protein ; adenylyl cyclase
	E)	G-protein ; protein kinase A

Answer 2

D) G-protein ; adenylyl cyclase

Question 3

The enzyme phosphorylase catalyzes the conversion of
	A)	glycogen into glucose-6-phosphate.
	B)	glycogen into glucose.
	C)	glucose into glycogen.
	D)	glucose into glucose-6-phosphate.
	E)	glucose-6-phosphate into glycogen.

Answer 3

A) glycogen into glucose-6-phosphate.

Question 4

Epinephrine causes the liver to uptake glucose from the bloodstream during the fight-or-flight response.
A) True
B) False

Answer 4

B) False

Question 5

The conversion of ATP into cAMP is catalyzed by the enzyme adenylyl cyclase.
A) True
B) False

Answer 5

A) True

Question 6

After eating a meal, blood sugar levels
	A)	increase.
	B)	decrease.
	C)	do not change.
	D)	disappear.

Answer 6

A) increase.

Question 7

Insulin, released after a meal is eaten by a person who does not have diabetes, will cause blood sugar levels to
	A)	increase far above normal.
	B)	return to about normal.
	C)	decrease far below normal.
	D)	convert to protein.

Answer 7

B) return to about normal.

Question 8

In Type I diabetes blood sugar levels remain high after a meal because
	A)	too much insulin is released.
	B)	protein is converted to glucose.
	C)	no insulin is released.
	D)	the kidneys are not working.

Answer 8

C) no insulin is released.

Question 9

In Type II diabetes blood sugar levels remain high after a meal because
A) too much insulin is released.
B) the kidneys are not working.
C) no insulin in released.
D) muscle and liver cells do not receive a signal.

Answer 9

D) muscle and liver cells do not receive a signal.

Question 10

The treatment for Type I diabetes always includes
	A)	oral thiazolidinedione.
	B)	insulin.
	C)	metformin.
	D)	dialysis.

Answer 10

B) insulin.

Question 11

In times of fasting, is there a a rise or drop in glucagon release?

Answer 11

Rise! Inhibition of the alpha cells is prevented, leading to the release of glucagon.

*Slide 6

Question 12

Glucose is transported into the beta cell by _______ through a glucose transporter; elevated concentrations of glucose in extracellular fluid lead to elevated concentrations of glucose within the beta cell.

Answer 12

facilitated diffusion

Question 13

Which of the following hormones are associated with appetite?
A) leptin
B) Ghrelin
C) insulin
D) neuropeptide Y
E) All of the above

Answer 13

E) All of the above

Question 14

Both insulin and leptin are transported across the blood-brain barrier?
A) True
B) False

Answer 14

A) True. Both can cross the BBB in order to reach central receptor sites.

Question 15

During periods of starvation, adipose tissue shrinks. What is the impact of leptin on basal metabolic rate?
A) Increase
B) Decrease
C) No change

Answer 15

B) Decrease