Hypothalamus & Pituitary

Question 1

All amine hormones are derived from what?

Answer 1

The amino acid tyrosine.

Question 2

T/F: The amine hormone formed by any given tissue depends on the synthetic enzymes that it possess.

Answer 2

TRUE

Question 3

A steroid secreting cell would be dominated by:

A) Granular endoplasmic reticulum
B) Agranular endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 3

B) Agranular ER

Question 4

The basis for steroid synthesis is what?

Answer 4

Cholesterol!

Question 5

T/F: Like amines, the steroid hormone produced by a tissue depends on the synthetic enzymes it possess.

Answer 5

TRUE

Question 6

T/F: Steroid hormones have a direct action on a cytosolic or nuclear receptor that controls gene transcription.

Answer 6

TRUE

Question 7

Steroid hormones bind to

A)	carbohydrate receptors on the cell membrane of the target cell.
B)	carbohydrate receptors in the cytoplasm of the target cell.
C)	protein receptors on the cell membrane of the target cell.
D)	protein receptors in the cytoplasm of the target cell.
E)	protein receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus of the target cell.

Answer 7

E) protein receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus of the target cell.

Question 8

The steroid hormone-receptor complex binds to

A)	hormone response elements in DNA.
B)	hormone response elements in mRNA.
C)	hormone response elements on proteins.
D)	ribosomes to stimulate translation.
E)	the cell membrane thereby increasing its permeability.

Answer 8

A) hormone response elements in DNA.

Question 9

The mode of action of steroid hormones involves

		A)	a second messenger.
		B)	modification of enzyme activity.
		C)	stimulation of DNA replication.
		D)	stimulation of mRNA transcription.
		E)	inhibition of protein synthesis.

Answer 9

D) stimulation of mRNA transcription.

Question 10

Steroid hormones travel in the blood attached to protein carriers.

	A)	True
	B)	False

Answer 10

A) True

Question 11

Steroid hormones are water-soluble.

	A)	True
	B)	False

Answer 11

B) False

Question 12

Like growth hormone, cortisol is released in a pulsatile fashion throughout the day.

A) True
B) False

Answer 12

A) True

Question 13

The lowest secretory rate for cortisol occurs:

A) Late Morning
B) Afternoon
C) Late evening
D) Early morning
E) Both C and D

Answer 13

E) Lowest rate for cortisol secretion occurs in both the early evening and the late evening

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT an action of the glucocorticoids?

A) Stimulation of gluconeogenesis
B) Anti-inflammatory effects
C) Suppression of immune system
D) Stimulus for bone formation
E) Maintain vascular responsiveness to catecholamines

Answer 14

D) Stimulus for bone formation

*this is the one thing that is not catabolic

Question 15

T/F: Biosynthesis of the mineralocorticoid, aldosterone depends, in part, on secretion of ACTH.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

What is essential to aldosterone synthesis because it stimulates cholesterol desmolase?

Answer 16

ACTH

Question 17

T/F: GH itself directly stimulates growth.

Answer 17

FALSE.

*Growth is mediated through mitogens
(like somatomedin, IGF-1, secreted by liver)
Mitogen = chemical stimulating cell division

Question 18

T/F: Prediction: Obesity will retard growth.

Answer 18

True

• Impacts on GH secretion:
• Hypoglycemia/fasting increase, obesity decrease
• SW sleep increase and REM sleep decrease
• Fever/emotional trauma increase and cortisol decrease
• Estrogen increase and progesterone decrease

Question 19

Chemicals that stimulate cell division are called :

Answer 19

Mitogens (e.g. IGF-1)

Question 20

Somatostatin (inhibits/stimulates) GH secretion and GHRH (inhibits/stimulates) GH secretion.

Answer 20

Somatostatin INHIBITS GH secretion and GHRH STIMULATES GH secretion.