Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ENDOCRINOLOGY > PANCREAS > Flashcards

PANCREAS Flashcards

1
Q

The islet of langerhans comprises of 4 major types of cells:

A
  1. Alpha cells (secrete Glucagon)
  2. Beta Cells ( Secrete Insulin and amylin)
  3. Delta Cells ( secrete somatostatin)
  4. Gamma Cells ( secrete pancreatic polypeptide)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
  1. Alpha cells secrete _______
  2. Beta Cells Secrete ______
  3. Delta Cells secrete __________
  4. Gamma Cells secrete _______________
A
  1. Glucagon
  2. Insulin and amylin
  3. somatostatin
  4. pancreatic polypeptide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The ________ and _______ hormones regulates the intermediary metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats

A

insulin and glucagon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

_________ , regulates the secretion of islet cell

A

Somatostatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

_______________ regulates the secretion of HCO–3 to the intestine.

A

pancreatic polypeptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Insulin is a polypeptide containing two chains of amino acids linked by _____________

A

disulfide bridges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Insulin is synthesized as part of a larger preprohormone known as ____________.

A

Preproinsulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The insulin that are not bonded to receptors of the target cells are degraded by the enzyme _________ in the liver, kidneys and muscle

A

insulinase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

____________ is a syndrome of impaired carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism caused by either lack of insulin secretion or decreased sensitivity of the tissues to insulin.

A

Diabetes Mellitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

There are two general types of diabetes mellitus:

  1. __________ , also called insulin-dependent diabetes
  2. ___________ , also called non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM),
A
  1. Type I diabetes

2. Type II diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Type I diabetes , also called insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), is caused by lack of ______ secretion.

A

insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Type II diabetes, also called non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), is caused by decreased _______ of target tissues to the metabolic effect of insulin.

A

sensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What type of diabetes is caused by decreased sensitivity of target tissues to the metabolic effect of insulin?

A

Type II diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What type of diabetes is caused by lack of insulin secretion?

A

Type I diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The basic effect of insulin lack or insulin resistance on glucose metabolism is to ?

A

Prevent the efficient uptake and utilization of glucose by most cells of the body, except those of the brain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Insulin resistance on glucose metabolism will result to:

1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Increased blood glucose concentration,
  2. Decreased cell utilization of glucose falls,
  3. Increased utilization of fats and proteins
17
Q

Insulin resistance on glucose metabolism will result to:

  1. Increased _______ glucose concentration,
  2. Decreased cell ________ of glucose falls,
  3. Increased utilization of fats and _______
A
  1. blood
  2. utilization
  3. proteins
18
Q

Insulin on CHO metabolism ?

A

decreases glycogenolysis (breakdown of glycogen to glucose ) and Gluconeogenesis (production of glucose from non sugar precursors)

19
Q

Glucagon on CHO metabolism ?

A

Increases glycogenolysis (breakdown of glycogen to glucose ) and Gluconeogenesis (production of glucose from non sugar precursors)

20
Q

Insulin on lipid metabolism?

A

causes lipogenesis

21
Q

Glucagon on lipid metabolism?

A

Lipolysis

22
Q

Insulin on protein metabolism ?

A

Anabolic

23
Q

Glucagon on protein metabolism ?

A

Catabolic

24
Q

When Insulin is Stimulated ?

A

Hyperglycemia

25
Q

When Glucagon is Stimulated ?

A

Hypoglycemia

26
Q

type I diabetes occurs at about 1 years of age

it is also known as _________ Diabetes Mellitus

A
  1. 14 years

2. Juvenile Diabetes Mellitus

27
Q

Some Causes of Insulin Resistance

A

Obesity/overweight (especially excess visceral adiposity)
Excess glucocorticoids (Cushing’s syndrome or steroid therapy)
Excess growth hormone (acromegaly)
Pregnancy, gestational diabetes
Polycystic ovary disease
Lipodystrophy (acquired or genetic; associated with lipid accumulation in liver)
Autoantibodies to the insulin receptor
Mutations of insulin receptor
Mutations of the peroxisome proliferators’ activator receptor γ (PPAR γ)
Mutations that cause genetic obesity (e.g., melanocortin receptor mutations)
Hemochromatosis (a hereditary disease that causes tissue iron accumulation)

28
Q

Physiology of Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus.

  1. Urinary __________
  2. Fasting Blood Glucose and_______ Levels.
  3. Glucose _______ Test.
    Acetone Breath
A
  1. Glucose
  2. Insulin
  3. Tolerance
29
Q

Physiology of Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus.

A
  1. Urinary Glucose
  2. Fasting Blood Glucose and Insulin Levels.
  3. Glucose Tolerance Test.
    Acetone Breath

ENDOCRINOLOGY (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions