ADRENAL DISORDERS (PART 3)

Question 1

_____________ (HYPOADRENALISM) is the failure of the adrenal cortices to produce adrenocortical hormones

Answer 1

ADDISON’S DISEASE

Question 2

CAUSES OF ADDISON’S DISEASE :

1. Primary atrophy of the _________
2. _________ against the cortices in about 80% cases
3. _______ destruction of the adrenal glands

Answer 2

1. adrenal cortices
2. Autoimmunity
3. Tuberculous

Question 3

Hyponatremia (low sodium), hyperkalemia (high potassium) , and mild acidosis (high Hydrogen) develop because of failure of __________ and _________ ions to be secreted in exchange for __________ reabsorption

Answer 3

potassium,

hydrogen

sodium

Question 4

MINERALCORTICOID DEFICIENCY :

__________, _________ and ___________ develop because of failure of potassium and hydrogen ions to be secreted in exchange for sodium reabsorption

Answer 4

Hyponatremia (low sodium), hyperkalemia (high potassium) , and mild acidosis (high Hydrogen)

Question 5

MINERALCORTICOID DEFICIENCY :

The thus decreased ECF volume further leads to ________, _______, ________, _______, and ___________

Answer 5

decreased plasma volume, increased RBC concentration, decreased cardiac output, shock and death

Question 6

FEATURES OF ADDISONS DISEASE:

3.

Answer 6

1. Mineralocorticoids Deficiency
2. Glucocorticoid Deficiency
3. Hyperpigmentation of the Skin and Mucous Membranes

Question 7

FEATURES OF ADDISONS DISEASE:

1. Miner____coids Deficiency
2. Glu_____icoid Deficiency
3. Hy_____ entation of the Skin and Mucous Membranes

Answer 7

1. Mineralocorticoids
2. Glucocorticoids
3. Hyperpigmentation

Question 8

GLUCOCORTICOID DEFICIENCY:

1. inability to maintain normal blood glucose concentration between meals due to decreased ____________ action of cortisol
2. _________ activities are depressed due to decreased mobilization of fats and proteins from tissues
3. Muscle ________ develops due to decreased energy mobilization

Answer 8

1. gluconeogenesis
2. Metabolic
3. weakness

Question 9

HYPERPIGMENTATION OF THE SKIN AND MUCOUS MEMBRANES:

This is due to depression of the normal negative feedback to the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland
This leads to increase in the rate of secretion of ACTH as well as ____________________

Answer 9

Melanin stimulating Hormone MSH

Question 10

Addison’s disease can lead to death as a result of____________ AND ____________ if not treated

Answer 10

weakness and circulatory shock

Question 11

Addison’s disease can be Treated by administering small quantities of _________ and __________ are daily

Answer 11

mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids

Question 12

____________ is the Hypersecretion by the adrenal cortex causes a complex cascade of hormone effects

Answer 12

Cushing’s syndrome (HYPERADRENALISM)

Question 13

Cushing’s syndrome (HYPERADRENALISM) is caused by hypersecretion of __________ and ________

Answer 13

cortisol and androgen

Question 14

_________ is when Cushing’s syndrome is secondary to excess secretion of ACTH by the anterior pituitary

Answer 14

Cushing’s disease

Question 15

Features of Cushing syndrome:

1. ___________ which is due to the mobilization of fat
2. _____ face appearance,
3. Severe ______ weakness due to loss of protein
4. Suppression of the immune system due to loss of____________
5. Development of large __________ due to tear of the subcutaneous tissues
6. Severe _________ and consequent weakness of the bones due to severe diminished protein deposition

Answer 15

1. Buffalo torso
2. moon
3. muscle
4. protein synthesis
5. purplish striae
6. osteoporosis

Question 16

___________ is the hypersecretion of adrenal androgens, which commonly accompanies Cushing syndrome.

Answer 16

Adrenogenital syndrome (AGS)

Question 17

In children, Adrenogenital syndrome AGS often causes enlargement of the ______ or ______ and the premature onset of puberty.

Answer 17

penis or clitoris

Question 18

Prenatal Adrenogenital syndrome AGS can result in newborn girls exhibiting masculinized genitalia and being misidentified as ______

Answer 18

boys

Question 19

In women, Adrenogenital syndrome AGS produces such __________ effects as increased body hair, deepening of the voice, and beard growth.

Answer 19

masculinizing

Question 20

Primary Aldosteronism (Conn’s Syndrome) 
is caused by: 

1. ________ of the zona glomerulosa cells sometimes secretes large amounts of aldosterone
2. _________ of the adrenal cortices sometimes secretes aldosterone rather than cortisol.

Answer 20

1. Tumor

2. Hyperplasia