Pancreas Flashcards
Conditions
What is acute pancreatitis?
Acute inflammation of the pancreas
How does acute pancreatitis present?
Abdominal pain Vomiting Pyrexia Jaundice Retroperitoneal haemorrhage Hypoglycaemia Hyperglycaemia Effusions
What might present in acute pancreatitis history?
Alcohol abuse 60-75% Gallstones 25-40% Trauma Drugs Viruses Metabolic Autoimmune Idiopathic ~10%
What investigations can be done in acute pancreatitis?
Endoscopy Cholangiopancreatography Endoscopic ultrasound Blood tests: AMY, LIPA, FBC, EUC, LFT, Ca2+, PGLU, ABG, FLIP, COAG Abdominal and Chest X-Ray CT
What can be done to manage acute pancreatitis?
Analgesia IV Fluids NG tube Oxygen Possibly insulin
What complications can arise from acute pancreatitis?
Abscess
Pseudocyst
What is chronic pancreatitis?
Continuing inflammatory disease characterised by irreversible glandular destruction and typically causing pain
Who is usually more affected by chronic pancreatitis?
Males > Females
Age 35-50
What might present in chronic pancreatitis history?
Alcohol Cystic fibrosis Congenital abnormalities (annular pancreas, pancreas divisum) Hereditary pancreatitis (rare) Hypercalcaemia
How does chronic pancreatitis present?
Early disease is asymptomatic
Abdominal pain
Weight loss
Steatorrhoea
Exocrine insufficiency leads to fat and protein malabsorption
Endocrine deficiency can lead to diabetes (30%)
What investigations are carried out in chronic pancreatitis?
Plain abdominal x-ray Ultrasound Endoscopic US CT Blood tests: AMY, LFT, PT, PGLU, ALB, B12
How can chronic pancreatitis be managed?
Avoid alcohol Low fat diet Pancreatic enzyme supplementation Opiate analgesia Coeliac plexus block Endoscopic treatment of pancreatic duct stones and strictures Surgery Insulin for DM
What is the prognosis for chronic pancreatitis?
50% 10yr survival if continue alcohol intake
80% 10yr survival if abstinent
What is the most common form of pancreatic cancer?
75% ductal adenocarcinoma
What types of pancreatic cancer are there?
Ductal adenocarcinoma
Cystadenocarcinomas
Acinar cell carcinoma