Pancreas Flashcards
In what cavity does the pancreas lie in?
retroperitoneum
E 64
What is the exocrine function of the pancreas?
secrete trypsin lipase and amylase through the ductal system
E 64
What is the endocrine function of the pancreas?
secrete insulin via the islets of langerhans
E 64
The head of the pancreas is anterior to the ___.
IVC
E 65
The head of the pancreas is medial to the ___.
duodenum
E 65
The CBD is posterior/lateral to the ___.
pancreatic head
E 65
The gastroduodenal artery is anterior/lateral to the ___.
pancreatic head
E 65
The superior mesenteric artery and vein are ___ to the neck of the pancreas and uncinate process.
anterior
E 65
The pancreatic tail is ___ and ___ to the splenic hilum.
anterior; medial
E 65
The aorta is ___ to the body of the pancreas.
posterior
E 66
The celiac axis arises from the aorta at the ___ border if the pancreas.
superior
E 66
The SMA arises from the aorta at the ___ border of the pancreas.
inferior
E 66
The celiac axis gives off the ___ ___ artery and then divides into ___ ___ artery and ___ artery.
left gastric
common hepatic
splenic
E 66
The common hepatic artery divides into the ___ ___ artery and ___ artery.
proper hepatic
gastroduodenal
E 66
The splenic vein is located on the ___ aspect of the pancreas.
posterior
E 67
The splenic vein joins with the SMV to create the ___ ___ vein.
main portal
E 67
What is the main pancreatic duct named and where is it located?
duct of Wirsung
body and tail
E 68
What is the accessory pancreatic duct named and where is it located?
duct of Santorini
head
E 68
What pancreatic duct size is considered enlarged?
> 2.0 mm
E 69
What are the sonographic findings of acute pancreatitis?
enlarged hypoechoic gland
E 70
How is acute pancreatitis diagnosed?
lab values amylase and lipase are elevated
E 70
What is acute pancreatitis caused by?
gallstones
alcohol abuse
E 70
What is a pancreatic phlegmon?
a spreading inflammatory reaction to an infection that results in a lesion (focal mass)
E 70
What can acute pancreatitis can lead to?
resolve
pseudocyst formation
chronic pancreatitis
E 70
What are the sonogaphic findings of chronic pancreatitis?
small echogenic gland calcifications ductal dilitation pseudocyst formation portal vein thrombosis E 71
Are amylase and lipase elevated in chronic pancreatitis?
no, only during acute attacks
E 71
What is chronic pancreatitis caused by?
alcoholism (most common)
E 71
What is the most common cause of pancreatic dysfunction in a child?
cystic fibrosis
E 71
What is a pancreatic psuedocyst?
accumulation of fluid and debris in an attempt to wall off the pancreatic secreations to prevent further tissue damage
E 72
What are common causes of pancreatic psuedocysts?
acute pancreatitis chronic pancreatitis pancreatic trauma pancreatic ductal obstruction pancreatic neoplasms E 72
What is an annular pancreas?
congenital anomaly where the ventral pancreas encircles the second portion of the duodenum
E 72
Where is the most common location for pancreatic adenocarcinoma to arise from?
pancreatic head
E 73
What are the symptoms of pancreatic adenocarcinoma?
abdominal pain
jaundice
weight loss
E 73
What are the sonographic findings of pancreatic adenocarcinoma?
solid hypoechoic mass
E 73
What procedure is performed with cancer of the head of the pancreas?
Whipple procedure- removes head of pancreas, portion of CBD, GB, and duedenum.
Is pancreatic serous cystadenoma malignant or benign?
benign
E 74
What are the sonographic findings of serous cystadenoma?
clusters of grape like cysts
external lobulation
E 74
Are mucinous cystic neoplasms malignant or benign?
malignant
E 74
What are the sonographic findings of mucinous cystic neoplasms?
large multicystic mass with numerous septations and debris
difficult to distinguish between a serous and mucinous neoplasm
E 74
What are the most common Islet cell tumors?
insulinoma - benign
gastrinoma - malignant
E 75
