Pancreas Flashcards
A- cells of pancrease makes
Glucagon (mobilizes glucose)
delta cells in pancreas makes
somatostatin (regulates)
Where is insulin produced
B-cells of pancreas
What is the active form of insulin formed form
proinsulin
What are the two chains of insulin
Alpha and beta linked by disulfide bonds
B cells of pancreas makes
Insulin (stores glucose)
Is insulin similar across species
Yes
What fragment of the proinsulin molecule is used to monitor endogenous insulin secretion post-injection
C fragment
Why is the C molecule useful
Is a ‘record’ of endogenous secretion
Is a way of measuring endogenous insulin levels
What does insulin do
facilitates glucose uptake by most tissues
What does insulin do to blood glucose levels
lowers them
What is glucose converted into in the liver
glycogen
What is glucose converted to in adipose
TG’s
What does insulin do to the liver
inhibits glucconeogenesis
What does insulin do to fat metabolisim
inhibits hormone-sensitive lipase (decreases lipolysis)
Promote fat deposition
TG synthesis
What does insulin do to proteins
Increase AA transport into cells
Increase protein synthesis
Synergizes with GH
What does insulin do to mineral metabolism
transports K+ into cells
Is insulin anabolic or catabolic
anabolic- builds things up
What happens when blood glucose is high
Increase glucose > increase glucose cellular uptake > decrease endogenous production of glucose
( > are arrows not greater than symbols)
What are three major consequences of Insulin deprivation on CHO metabolisim
Glycosuria
Polyuria
Polydypsia
What are some consequences of insulin deprivation on fatty acid metabolism
Ketoaciduria
Ketoacidosis: fruity breath, DEATH
What 3 things release insulin
High glucose
High AA
High FFA
What inhibits insulin
epinephrine
Where is glucagon produced
cells of pancreas
Is glucagon similar across species
yes
What does glucagon do to the liver (5 things)
Increase gluconeogeneis-increases every rate limiting enzyme
Increase glycogenolysis- breakdown of glycogen
Decreases glyconeogenesis
Increase protein catabolism
Increase lipolysis
What does glucagon do in the liver
Increase glucose output
What are stimuli of cretion
Decreased glucose
Elevated AA
What inhibits glucagon secretion
High FFA
What does glucagon do to muscle
Increase FFA
What does glucagon do to adipose tissue
Promotes lypolisis
What is a normal blood glucose level
between 70-110mg/dl
What does somatostatin do to insulin and glucagon
inhibits
What stimulates somatostatin
increased AA, glucose
What is the overall effect of somatostatin
Decrease glucose
What hormone is hypoglycemic
insulin (only one)
