Pancreas

Question 1

A- cells of pancrease makes

Answer 1

Glucagon (mobilizes glucose)

Question 2

delta cells in pancreas makes

Answer 2

somatostatin (regulates)

Question 3

Where is insulin produced

Answer 3

B-cells of pancreas

Question 4

What is the active form of insulin formed form

Answer 4

proinsulin

Question 5

What are the two chains of insulin

Answer 5

Alpha and beta linked by disulfide bonds

Question 6

B cells of pancreas makes

Answer 6

Insulin (stores glucose)

Question 7

Is insulin similar across species

Answer 7

Yes

Question 8

What fragment of the proinsulin molecule is used to monitor endogenous insulin secretion post-injection

Answer 8

C fragment

Question 9

Why is the C molecule useful

Answer 9

Is a ‘record’ of endogenous secretion

Is a way of measuring endogenous insulin levels

Question 10

What does insulin do

Answer 10

facilitates glucose uptake by most tissues

Question 11

What does insulin do to blood glucose levels

Answer 11

lowers them

Question 12

What is glucose converted into in the liver

Answer 12

glycogen

Question 13

What is glucose converted to in adipose

Answer 13

TG’s

Question 14

What does insulin do to the liver

Answer 14

inhibits glucconeogenesis

Question 15

What does insulin do to fat metabolisim

Answer 15

inhibits hormone-sensitive lipase (decreases lipolysis)
Promote fat deposition
TG synthesis

Question 16

What does insulin do to proteins

Answer 16

Increase AA transport into cells
Increase protein synthesis
Synergizes with GH

Question 17

What does insulin do to mineral metabolism

Answer 17

transports K+ into cells

Question 18

Is insulin anabolic or catabolic

Answer 18

anabolic- builds things up

Question 19

What happens when blood glucose is high

Answer 19

Increase glucose > increase glucose cellular uptake > decrease endogenous production of glucose
( > are arrows not greater than symbols)

Question 20

What are three major consequences of Insulin deprivation on CHO metabolisim

Answer 20

Glycosuria
Polyuria
Polydypsia

Question 21

What are some consequences of insulin deprivation on fatty acid metabolism

Answer 21

Ketoaciduria

Ketoacidosis: fruity breath, DEATH

Question 22

What 3 things release insulin

Answer 22

High glucose
High AA
High FFA

Question 23

What inhibits insulin

Answer 23

epinephrine

Question 24

Where is glucagon produced

Answer 24

cells of pancreas

Question 25

Is glucagon similar across species

Answer 25

yes

Question 26

What does glucagon do to the liver (5 things)

Answer 26

Increase gluconeogeneis-increases every rate limiting enzyme
Increase glycogenolysis- breakdown of glycogen
Decreases glyconeogenesis
Increase protein catabolism
Increase lipolysis

Question 27

What does glucagon do in the liver

Answer 27

Increase glucose output

Question 28

What are stimuli of cretion

Answer 28

Decreased glucose

Elevated AA

Question 29

What inhibits glucagon secretion

Answer 29

High FFA

Question 30

What does glucagon do to muscle

Answer 30

Increase FFA

Question 31

What does glucagon do to adipose tissue

Answer 31

Promotes lypolisis

Question 32

What is a normal blood glucose level

Answer 32

between 70-110mg/dl

Question 33

What does somatostatin do to insulin and glucagon

Answer 33

inhibits

Question 34

What stimulates somatostatin

Answer 34

increased AA, glucose

Question 35

What is the overall effect of somatostatin

Answer 35

Decrease glucose

Question 36

What hormone is hypoglycemic

Answer 36

insulin (only one)