Basic concepts Flashcards
How is the endocrine system different from the nervous
anatomically discontinuous
How does the endocrine system broadcast hormonal messages
secretion into blood and extracellular fluid
What are general principles of endocrine gland organization
Ductless
Highly vascular
Functional secretory cells are usually epithelial
What are the three types of endocrine organ arrangements
Discrete glands (thyroid) Endocrine components of other organs (pancreas) Scattered cells throughout other organs (C cells in thyroid)
What are some basic characteristics of hormones
May have more than one target
active in low concentrations
One hormone may affect a target
May have same actions in more than one tissue, or opposite actions in two tissues
What are the 3 classes of hormones
Amino acids
Steroids
Proteins
What are examples of steroid hormones
mineralcorticoids, glucocorticoids, testosterone, and estradiol
What are examples of protein hormones
Insulin, prolactin, ADH, oxytocin, and parathormone
What are examples of amino acid hormones
catecholamines
How are steroid hormones produced/stored
produced on demand and not stored
What types of organelles do steroid producing cells have the most of
SER, golgi
Where are amino acids and protein hormones stored
Granules
What types of organelle do protein hormone producing cells have a lot of
RER
What type of cells do hormones have an affect on
target cells
Why do target cells respond to hormone
The cell has a receptor for the hormone
