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The alimentary system > Pancreas > Flashcards

Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q
  1. How long is the pancreas
A

10-15cm long

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2
Q
  1. What is the endocrine portion of the pancreas
A

cells in the Islets of Langerhans

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3
Q
  1. What do cells in islets of Langerhans do?
A

synthesis, store and secrete hormones insulin, glucagon and somatostatin.

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4
Q
  1. How is the exocrine portion of the pancreas arranged
A

arranged in ellipsoidal acini

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5
Q
  1. What are the ellipsoidal acini and acinar cells in the pancreas responsible for?
A

responsible for synthesis, storage and secretion of digestive enzymes and bicarbonate-rich fluids.

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6
Q

What are acini?

A

clusters of secretory cells that surround ducts

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7
Q
  1. What do acini contain
A

Contain:
- extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum
- ribosomes
- zymogen granules

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8
Q
  1. What do acini manufacture and produce
A

Manufacture digestive enzymes & produce enzyme-rich pancreatic juice

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9
Q
  1. What do small duct epithelial cells secrete
A

secrete a watery, bicarbonate rich fluid

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10
Q
  1. What is pancreatic juice made of
A

Mainly water, as well as enzymes, electrolytes and bicarbonate ions

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11
Q
  1. What different enzymes does pancreatic juice contain
A

Pancreatic alpha-amylase, Pancreatic lipase, Nucleases and Proteolytic enzymes

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12
Q
  1. What does pancreatic alpha amylase do
A

breaks down starch

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13
Q
  1. What does pancreatic lipase do?
A

breaks down complex lipids to fatty acids

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14
Q
  1. What do proteolytic enzymes do
A

break down protein complexes and peptide chains

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15
Q
  1. what are the main proenzymes
A

Trypsinogen
Chymotrypsinogen
Procarboxypeptidase
Proelastase

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16
Q
  1. what do peptidases do
A

break small peptide chains into individual amino acids

17
Q
  1. explain how pancreatic proenzymes are activated
A
  1. Enteropeptidase secreted by the duodenal mucosa
  2. Secretory vesicles in acinar cells pack trypsinogen with an inhibitor, stopping autodigestion
  3. Once it reaches the duodenum, inhibitor is diluted and trypsin converts other proenzymes to their active forms
18
Q
  1. what does secretin stimulate
A

stimulates the production of ‘watery’ alkaline juice from duct cells

19
Q
  1. what does CCK stimulate
A

CCK stimulates enzyme release from acinar cells

20
Q
  1. how is acute pancreatitis characterised
A

characterised by acinar cell damage and autodigestion

21
Q
  1. how is chronic pancreatitis characterised
A

characterised by repeated bouts of mild to moderate inflammation.

22
Q
  1. what does chronic pancreatitis result in
A

results in a cumulative loss of parenchyma which is replaced with fibrous tissue

The alimentary system (6 decks)

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