Liver and Gall Bladder: Pathologies and Tests Flashcards
what is jaundice caused by
abnormally high levels of bilirubin in the blood
what are 4 things that cause abnormally high levels of bilirubin in the blood
- Rapid destruction of RBCs
- Decreased uptake by liver cells
- Decreased conjugation
- Obstruction of bile flow
what disease can gall stones cause relating to bile flow
cholestasis
what is cholestasis
a liver disease where there is decreased bile flow due to impaired secretion by hepatocytes or obstruction of bile flow through intra-or extrahepatic bile ducts
What percentage of adults have gall stones
10-20 % of adults
How many cholecystectomies are there in the UK each year
Over 50,000 cholecystectomies
What general symptoms do gall stones cause
causes:
- Cholesterol supersaturation
- slow gallbladder emptying
- pigment stones from haemolysis
What are 4 risk factors that increase the chance of getting gall stones
- being female
- being fat
- fertility
- forty
What disease can occur if calculus migrates into the bile duct and lodges
Jaundice
What 2 diseases can gallstones generally cause
- Sepsis acute cholecystitis
- Acute cholangitis
What are 4 reasons why cirrhosis occurs and give percentages of their prevalence
- Alcohol abuse (60-70%)
- chronic hepatitis (10%)
- biliary disease (5-10%)
- iron overload (5%)
What is cirrhosis
Hepatocellular damage in liver leading to regeneration and fibrosis
Why are the stellate cells in the liver a major source of the fibrosis caused due to cirrhosis in the liver
they become myofibroblast-like cells when activated
What does the regeneration of the liver result due to cirrhosis
nodule formation
What is hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver
