PANCREAS

Question 1

ACUTE PANCREATITIS : DEFINITION

Answer 1

Pancreatitis - Inflammation of the pancreas can develop extremely variable from anorexia to symptoms of acute abdomen (severe, necrotic-hemorrhagic)

Morphopathologic, acute pancreatitis may develop in the form of catarrh (cattle), suppurative (horse), hemorrhage (horse, donkey, dog, pig);

In all species, but better clinically expressed in dogs, which may be the cause of death in 3% of deaths

Question 2

ACUTE PANCREATITIS: Etiology

Answer 2

Biliary reflux in the pancreatic ducts;
The occlusion of pancreatic ducts by swelling or spasm of the duodenal papilla, duodenitis or gastrointestinal parasites;

Excess lipids from ration;

Hypertriglyceridemia; hypercalcemia;

Intestinal infections (Clostridium welchii) allergic conditions and autoimmune diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus);

Glucocorticoids (increase the viscosity of pancreatic juice and cause proliferative responses to pancreas epithelia), tetracyclines, some diuretics, etc.

Question 3

ACUTE PANCREATITIS: Pathology

Answer 3

Intrapancreatic enzyme activation, which would cause alteration of its architecture and biochemistry;

Embolism, ischemia, local necrosis, diffuse intravascular coagulation and hypovolemic shock;

The effect that lesioned pancreas can exert on the solar plexus (located in the neighborhood), from which it can borrow symptoms such as excitatory syndrome or solar inhibition syndrome;

All involve local circulatory and trophic processes and others

Question 4

ACUTE PANCREATITIS: Anatomopathological

Answer 4

Increased pancreas volume;

Lighlighting excretory channels;

Bleeding infiltrations;

Lesions of the cytostatic necrotic type, especially in the pig, giving the gland a mosaic appearance and even the suppurative lesion;

In the horse and dog, pancreatic abscesses with sterile mucopurulent content have been encountered.

Question 5

ACUTE PANCREATITIS: Clinical Symptoms

Answer 5

Through colic, as a result of solar excitation, determined by the activation of intrapancreatic proferments, printing the clinical appearance of an acute abdomen;

Repeated vomiting, sialorrhoea;

Increased abdominal sensitivity, which causes the animal to adopt an atypical attitude and stern abdominal decubitus in cool places;

Fever;

Clinical manifestations usually occur after a fatter, thicker carnivorous fat

In dog- anorexia, fever, severe digestive disorders, incoercible vomiting, grog, then severe diarrhea pain in the palpation of the abdomen, sometimes jaundice;

In the second part of the evolution - the comatose state by installing the circulatory collapse and the autointoxication, given by pancreatic autodigestion;

The reported symptoms are not pathognomonic, which is why paraclinical investigations have been carried out, without the chance of a certain diagnosis

Hematological neutrophil leukocytosis is encountered, with the displacement of the Arneth index to the left

Question 6

ACUTE PANCREATITIS: Treatment

Answer 6

Combat shock, hydroelectrolytic imbalance, suppression of pancreatic secretion, pain relief, prevention of intravascular coagulation, infection control;

Suppression of pancreatic secretion - prolonged absolute diet, until the frequency of vomiting decreases;

Pain - soothing (neonatal with atropine) and spasmolytic. Alkaline, anti-enzymatic drugs such as Iniprol are also recommended;

After the diet, small amounts of liquid and low-fat but high-sugar foods are given

Question 7

Chronic Pancreatitis: DEFINITION

Answer 7

It is the most common form of evolution of pancreatic dysfunctions in carnivores without being able to assimilate
with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, which only involves the reduction of enzyme secretion.

It can evolve and associate with the endocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Chronic pancreatitis may be primary and secondary.

Question 8

Chronic Pancreatitis: Etiology

Answer 8

Following acute pancreatitis, pancreatic neoplastic processes, occlusions and obstruction of the excretory channels and diabetes syndrome

Chronic pancreatic insufficiency corresponds to all hypotrophic, regressive, fibrous and sclerosant processes

Secondary pancreatitis: Insufficient intestinal secretion (secretin and cholecystokinin), low intestinal ph, and some persistent dismetabolites

Question 9

Chronic Pancreatitis: Clinical Symptoms

Answer 9

Exaggerated appetite, alotriphagia (coprophagia), weight loss, hair loss, stool fever, possibly jaundice;

The vomiting occurs especially after a rich and rich lipid tinge;

In the case of damage and endocrine pancreas - polydipsia, polyuria and glucose, eventually ketonuria;

The animal is weak, always looking for food, and the posterior train dirty of feces, leaving the impression of greasy animal greasy;

Feces can be gaunt, unoccupied, with undigested food.

Question 10

Chronic Pancreatitis: Treatment

Answer 10

Substitution of deficient secretion with Triferment, Zymogen, Mezym forte administered by meals differentially to the subject;

Diet, excluding foods rich in lipids;

Long-term treatment - improvements, but never definitive healings;

The treatment of chronic pancreatitis is associated with the treatment of diabetes with regard to glycemic control with hypoglycemic sulfonamides (carbutamide, chlorpropamide, biguanide) or insulin