(PALM 305) Exam 3 objectives Flashcards by Sakina Ali

Masson Trichrome

differentiates between collagen and muscle/fibrin

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Masson trichrome results

Collagen and mucin: blue

Muscle, epithelium, fibrin, RBCS: Red

Nuclei: blue/black

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Gomori 1-step trichrome

Differentiates between muscle and collagen. Stain of choice for distinguishing neuromuscular diseases

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Gomori 1-step trichome results

Collagen and mucin: Green/blue

Muscle, keratin, epithelium, RBCs: Red

Nuclei: blue/back

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VVG

elastic fibers

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Aldehyde Fuchsin

Elastic Fibers

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VVG results

Elastic fibers: black

Collagen: red

Muscle, Epithelium, RBCs: yellow

Nuclei: Black

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Aldehyde fuchsin results

Elastic fibers: purple

Background: depends on counterstain

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Orcein

Elastin fibers and copper-associated protein and hepatitis B surface antigen

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Orcein results

Elastic fibers: red/brown (dark brown)

Background: counterstain

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Resorcin-Fuchsin

Elastic fibers, identical to Verhoeff- van gieson if you use the same counterstain

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Resorcin-fuchsin reults

Elastic fibers: blue-black

Collagen: red

Smooth muscle: yellow

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Movat pentachrome

Mucin, Elastic fibrin, Muscle, collagen, nuclei

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Movat Pentachrome results

Nuclei and elastic fibers: Black

collagen: yellow

Mucin, ground substances and fungus: Blue

Fibrin: intense/dark red

Muscle: red

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Oxidation

glycol groups of reticulin fibers oxidized to aldehydes

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examples of oxidizers

Phosphomolybdic acid (phospho acids), Potassium permanganate, periodic acid

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Example of Bleaching

Potassium metabisulfite, oxalic acid

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Sensitization/metallic impregnation

deposition of metallic salts on or around the aldehyde groups

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Sensitizers examples

Ferric ammonium sulfate, Uranyl Nitrate, Dilute Solution of silver nitrate

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Silver impregnantion

silver ions replace metallic salts in addition to reacting with any remaining exposed aldehydes

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Silver solutions examples

ammoniacal silver, silver nitrate, Methenamine silver

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Reduction/developing

silver ions are reduced to a visible brown precipitate

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Reducers examples

Unbuffered formalin, Hydroquinone, Light (artificial or natural)

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Toning

silver ions are replaced with gold ions forming a more intense, stable black precipitate

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toning examples

gold chloride

sodium thiosulfate

aka as hypo, dissolves unreduced silver ions preventing nonspecific staining

Gomori reticulin

Reticular fibers

gomori reticulin results

Reticulin fibers: black Nuclei/background: pink/red if counterstain. If no counterstain grey

Gordon and sweets

same as Gomori except it will use oxalic acid as a bleaching solution instead of potassium metabisulfite

PA-MS

Basement membranes and other GaGs

PA-MS results

Basement membrane: black Background: depends on counterstain

PTAH

Cross striations in skeletal and cardiac muscle, and fibrin

PTAH results

Cross-striations, fibrin, nuclei: Blue Collagen: Reddish/Brown

MSB (ledrum)

fibrin, can distinguish between old and newer deposits

MSB results

Muscle, Fibrin: red -early fibrin: yellow -Old deposits: blue RBCs: yellow Collagen: blue

Toluidine Blue

Mast cells

Toluidine Blue results

Mast cell granules: purple Background: Blue

simple/neutral lipids

removed with processing

Compound lipids

retain some phospholipids and myelin

Derived lipids

cholesterol, bile acids, sex and adrenocortical hormones

Oil red O

simple/neutral lipids

oil red O results

Lipids: red Background: blue/purple from hematoxilyn

Sudan Black B

demonstrates neutral and compound lipids.

Most sensitive lipid dye since it will stain phospholipids as well as neutral lipids

Sudan Black B results Lipids: blue/black Background: red/pink

Osmium tetroxide

lipids in formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue

osmium tetroxide results

lipids: black

osmium tetroxide results

lipids: black

Cell body

Main part of the cell

Perikaryon

Cytoplasm

Nissl Substance

rough ER, basophilic

Chromatolysis

loss of nissl substance

Axon

efferent, no nissl substance

Dendrite

afferent, highly branched

Oligodenendrocytes

produce myelin, unstained cytoplasm, found in both gray and white matter

Astrocytes

stellate cells, scar formation, mechanical support for nerve fibers, regulates metabolite, fluid and gas exchange between nervous tissue, blood and CSF

Microgila

Macrophages

Ependymal cells

Epithelial cells that line ventricles and spinal canal, form selective barrier between nervous tissue and CSF

Neurophill

acidophilic felt network of neuronal processes

Myelin

Complex, fatty nonliving material containing protein, cholesterol, phospholipids, and cerebrosides

Cresyl Echt (fast violet method)

Demonstrates nissl substance

Cresyl Echt (fast violet method) results

Nissl substance and nuclei of neurons and glial cells: purple Background: pale Blue/purple to colorless

Bodian

Nerve fibers (axons and dendrites)

Bodian results

Nerve fibers and nuclei: black Background: optional aniline blue

Holmes Silver nitrate method

same as bodian ( nerve fibers and nuclei) but it is an alkaline silver instead of acidic

Bielschowsky results

Nerve fibers, plaques, tangles, neuromelanin, lipofuscin: black Background: yellow/tan

Thioflavin S

neurofibrillary tangles and plagues

Thioflavin S results

tangles, plaques, amyloid: bright Green

PTAH nervous tissue

Glial cells and myelin

Holzer method

Glial cells

Holzer results

Glial cells: blue to purple Background: pale blue to colorless

Weil method

demonstrates myelin

LFB

Myelin

LFB results

Myelin: blue Background: pale to colorless

Masson Trichrome

Gomori Trichrome

VVG

Aldehyde fuchsin elastic stain

Orcein

Resorcin-Fuchsin (Very Similar to VVG)

Movat Pentachrome

Gomori Reticulin

Gordon Sweets

PA-MS

MSB (lendrum)

Toludine Blue

Oil Red O

Sudan Black B

Osmium Tetroxide

Cresyl Echt Violet/ Fast Violet

Bodian/Holmes No Counterstain

Bodian/Holmes Counterstain

Bielchowsky

Thioflavin S

PTAH

Holzer

Weil method

LFB

LFB and hematoxylin

LFB and Cresyl Violet

LFB ans PAS

LFB and ORO

Myelin and Lipids

Bielschowsky

neurofibrillary tangles and plagues

PTAH results (nervous tissue)

Glial fibers, myelin, nuclei: blue/purple Neurons: Red

Weil results

Myelin: black/blue Background: light tanish, colorless in grey matter bc of low myelin content