Pain & Thermal Sensations Flashcards
When an Enkephalin neuron releases enkephalin that excites the Serotonin neuron in the Raphe Magnus Nucleus, what would occur next?
a. The Enkephalin neuron releases enkephalin and excites the Serotonin neuron in the Spinal Cord
b. The Serotonin neuron releases serotonin and excites the Enkephalin neuron in the Spinal Cord
c. The Enkephalin neuron releases serotonin and excites the Serotonin neuron in the Spinal Cord
D. The Serotonin neuron releases enkephalin and excites the Enkephalin neuron in the Spinal Cord
The Serotonin neuron releases serotonin and excites the Enkephalin neuron in the Spinal Cord
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding slow pain sensation?
a. Slow pain can occur both in the skin and deep tissue or organ
b. None of these
c. Slow pain is felt after 1 second or more after application of pain stimuli
D. Slow pain can be described as burning, aching, nauseous
None of these
When an Enkephalin neuron releases enkephalin that excites the Serotonin neuron in the Raphe Magnus Nucleus, what would occur next?
a. The Enkephalin neuron releases enkephalin and excites the Serotonin neuron in the Spinal Cord
b. The Enkephalin neuron releases serotonin and excites the Serotonin neuron in the Spinal Cord
c. The Serotonin neuron releases serotonin and excites the Enkephalin neuron in the Spinal Cord
d. The Serotonin neurons releases enkephalin and excites the Enkephalin neuron in
The Serotonin neuron releases serotonin and excites the Enkephalin neuron in the Spinal Cord
Cold and warm receptors are stimulated by changes in their metabolic rates.
a. False
b. True
False
Pain resulting from heat is closely correlated with the rate at which damage is occurring. The intensity of pain is closely correlated with the extent of tissue damage.
a. The first statement is incorrect, the second statement is correct
b. Both statements are incorrect
c. Both statements are correct
d. The first statement is correct, the second statement is incorrect
Both statements are correct
Which of the following statements is CORRECT regarding nociceptors?
• a. These are found in the superficial layers of the skin only
• b. They transmit pain signals when stimulated by minimal mechanical stimuli
c. They can be stimulated by chemical stimuli released by injured tissues
• d. These are free, encapsulated nerve
They can be stimulated by chemical stimuli released by injured tissues
Nerve fibers that carries temperature information ascends two to three levels of the spinal cord via the Lissauer’s Tracts before synapsing with the second order neuron on the new spinal cord level.
a. False
b. True
True
Which of the following pairings of nociceptors and their stimuli is INCORRECT?
a. High-threshold mechanonociceptor- Intense mechanical stimuli
B. Mechanothermal nociceptor - intense thermal and mechanical stimuli
c. Polymodal nociceptor - intense mechanical and chemical stimuli
d. Chemical nociceptor- intense chemical stimuli
Chemical nociceptor- intense chemical stimuli
Silent nociceptors are responsive to noxious mechanical stimulation even without inflammation and injury. The silent nociceptors are stimulated when there is continuous application of pain stimuli due to damaged tissues
a. The first statement is incorrect, the second statement is correct
b. Both statements are incorrect
c. Both statements are correct
D. The first statement is correct, the second statement is
The first statement is incorrect, the second statement is correct
Fast pain is not felt in most deep tissues in the body. Slow pain can occur both in the skin and almost in any deep tissue or organ.
a. Both statements are correct
b. Both statements are incorrect
c. The first statement is incorrect, the second statement is correct
d. The first statement is correct, the second statement is incorrect
Both statements are correct
Which of the following pathway does thermal signals transmit through?
• a. Spinotectal pathway
• b. Dorsal column-medial lemniscal. pathway
C. Spinocerebellar pathway
D. Anterolateral pathway
Anterolateral pathway
Which of the following situations will cause the gate in the projection neuron of the spinal cord to CLOSE, according to the Gate Control Theory?
A. Hitting the area of pain with a blunt objeet forcefully
b. Coming into contact with a very hot object
c. Touching and massaging the area of pain
d. Being pricked by a sharp and long needle
Touching and massaging the area of pain
Which of the following causes stimulation on thermoreceptors?
A. change of temperature itself
b. Pressure
c. Electric conduction
d. Metabolic changes
change of temperature itself
Which of the following thermoreceptors would have peak sensitivity if the temperature of the environment si at 24 degrees Celsius?
• a. Cold fibers
O b. Warm fibers
• c. Heat-pain fibers
• d. cold-pain fibers
Cold fibers
Which of the following chemicals, when applied to a nociceptor, may elicit a pain signal?
• a. Arachidonic Acid
• b. All of these
• c. Substance P
• d. Globulin and Protein Kinase
All of these
Pain resulting from heat is closely correlated with the rate at which damage is occurring. The intensity of pain is closely correlated with the extent of tissue damage.
• a. Both statements are correct
O b. Both statements are incorrect
• c. The first statement is incorrect, the second statement is correct
• d. The first statement is correct, the second statement is incorrect
Both statements are correct
What layer of the retina is the most external?
• a. Outer nuclear layer
• b. External limiting membrane
• c. Pigmented epithelium
• O d. Outer plexiform layer
Pigmented epithelium
Which region of the internal eye contains the highest concentration of cone receptors and no rod receptors?
a. Ora Serrata
b. Ciliary Body
c. Fovea
d. Peripheral Retina
Fovea
What is the afferent neuron of the pupillary reflex?
a. Pretactal Nucleus
b. Edinger-Westphal Nucleus
c. Optic nerve
d. Constrictor Pupillae
Optic nerve
What is the normal response of the controlateral eye when light is shone on the eye in the ipsilateral side?
a. Pupillary constriction
b. Pupilory dilation
Pupillary constriction
What is the afferent neuron of the corneal reflex?
a. CNI
b. CN VII O
c. CNV
d. CN II
CNV
What will happen to the lens if you try to focus on a nearby object?
a. the lens will get thinner
b. the lens will thicken
c. the lens will concave
d. the lens will blur
the lens will thicken
What happens to the shape of the lens if the ciliary smooth muscles contract?
a. the lens become spherical
b. the lens become more conves on one side
c. the lens becomes flatter
d. the lens become more concave one
the lens become spherical
What is the efferent neuron of the accommodation reflex?
a. Optic Nerve
b. Facial Nerve
c. Oculomotor Nerve
d. Trigeminal Nerve
Oculomotor Nerve
