pain relief in labour Flashcards
non pharmacological pain relief?
massage, aromatherapy, water birth
what is entonox?
50% nitrous oxide
50% AIR
2 opiates that are used?
pethidine and diamorphine
what is used in epidural?
LA/opiod mix
where is epidural injected into?
epidural fat space
side effects of opiods in mother?
nausea and vomiting
side effects of opioids in foetus?
rep distress and drowsiness
what is the most effective form of analgesia?
epidural
what is the onset of epidural?
20-30 minutes
what is the anaesthetic of choice for c sections?
spinal
does hypotension tend to be more profound in spinal or epidural ?
spinal
quicker onset of action with epidural or spinal?
spinal
when is pudendal nerve block most commonly used?
in operative vaginal deliveries
how is the pudendal nerve located?
located by finding the ischial spines then going 2 finger breadths lateral. needle goes through ischial sacrospinous ligament and into pudendal nerve
what spinal level is pudendal from ?
s2-s4
how long does puerperium usually last/
6 weeks
what is puerperium
period of reovery following delivery - return of tissues to pre pregnancy state
when is VTE risk highest in pregnancy?
puerperium (6 weeks)
what three things are seen in puerperium?
commencement of lactation
uterine involusion
lochia - vaginal discharge
