Pain/ physiology

Question 1

Who is involved in pain management in healthcare setting?

Answer 1

Physiotherapist

Pain clinic member

Nurse practitioner

Rheumatoligist

GP

Question 2

Phases of chronic back pain

Answer 2

Phase 1

• up to 2 months
• belief that pain is controllable
• Anxiety common

Phase 2:

• 2 to 6 months
• Testing of different coping styles
• Depression may occur
• varying between increase & decreased activity

Phase 3:
- 6 to 24 months
- reduced activity
Problems w/ pain medication
Depression common
- belief that pain is uncontrollable

Question 3

How is calcium removed from the muscle cells to start muscle relaxation?

Answer 3

Calcium needs to be removed from the sarcoplasm- done in 3 processes

Serca pump active transport across sarcoplasmic reticulum

Na/Ca exchanger leading to facilitated diffusion across sarcolemma membrane into extracellular space

Ca-ATPase active transport across sarcolemma membrane into extracellular space

Question 4

Describe the role of suprichiasmatic nucleus & pineal gland in sleep-wake cycle?

Answer 4

SCN- becomes activated by changes in light levels detected via optic chias- it then sends signal to pineal gland

Pineal gland- once activated, produces melatonin (main sleep hormone) which reduces arousal in brain & leads to sleep

Question 5

What is the infradian rhythm Example?

Answer 5

where each cycle happens less frequenclty than every 24 h

E.g. mensutrual cycle

Question 6

What is the ultradian rhythms? Example?

Answer 6

Where each cycle happens more than once in 24h

E.g. sleep cycle, blood circulation