Pain Pathways Flashcards
What are the two components of pain?
Physical: senation of pain which is dictated by nociceptors. These are pain recptors involving the PNS and CNS
Physocological: emotional repsonses to pain sentaion and how the perception of pain is influened by other factors.
What are some factors that could influence pain experience?
Culture: beliefs about pain and how to respond, how person interacts with healthcare system
Age: aging influences parts of the nervous system which candecrease pain perception, older people often believe that aging is meant to be painful.
Gender: social expectations of how different gender cope with pain
Previous Experiences with pain: less anxiety if used to pain, more anxious if new
What is CEPIA?
CEPIA is a congential inability to detect or experience pain. People could be unable to detect extreme temperature
What is accute pain?
Acute Pain is a protective mechanism and is a response to internal and external stimuli.
Internal : acute appendicitis
External: hot oven
What are the two main categories of pain?
Neurupathic - pain cuased by nerve damage
Nociceptive Pain: pain caused by tissue damage/
Nociceptive pain can e further categorised into what two categories?
Somatic Pain: skin and deep tissues
Visceral Pain: pain form tissues associated with internal organs
What are the characteristics of somatic pain?
Aching, Dull or Sharp Constant Worse on movement Well localised Examples: cancer bone pain, sprained ankle, arthritis
What are the characteristics of visceral pain?
Constant cramping or aching
Poorly localised
referred pain
Examples: bowel obstruction, liver capsule distension, Pancreatic cancer
What characterises Neuropathic pain?
burning, stinging, shooting pain, deep.
Pain may come from stimulus that doesnt usually cause pain
Desribe what is happenng during transduction phase of nocipception?
Nerve endings are responding to noxious stimuli. They are exposed to stimuli when tissue damage and inflammation occurs as a result of surgery, infection or traume
Desribe what is happenng during transmission phase of nocipception?
A pain impulse is generated by the exchange of sodium and potassium ions at cell membranes. The impulse is then send alone the C and A delta fibres to the dorsal horn. From the dorsal horn is it then sent to the higer centres in the brain where it is recognised as pain.
Desribe what is happenng during perception phase of nocipception?
Perception of pain is the end result of the pain transmission and where is becomes a councious experience. multiple areas of the brain are involved and generate different responses to te perception of pain.
What does the reticuar system do in terms of pain perception?
Responsible for the autonomic motor response to pan e.g. automtically removing hand from a hot stove.
What does the somatosensory cortex system do in terms of pain perception?
Involved with the perceotion and interpretation of sensations. It helps to identify the type, location and senation of pain and relates the sensation top ast expereinces. Identifies nature of the pain before triggering a response.
What does the limbic system do in terms of pain perception?
Responsible for our emotional and behavoual responses to pain e.g. attention, mood and motivation, wincing, holding arm etc
