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Pharmacology > Pain medications and Definitions > Flashcards

Pain medications and Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the endogenous ligand for the mu receptor?

A

B-endorphins

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2
Q

What is the endogenous ligand for the kappa receptor?

A

Leucine and Methionine-Enkephalin

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3
Q

What is the endogenous ligand for the delta receptor?

A

Dynorphin-A

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4
Q

Morphine

A

MOA: full mu agonist, kappa agonist at high doses
SE: nausea, vomiting, defecation after administration, constipation, histamine release (IV)

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5
Q

Hydromorphone

A

MOA: full mu agonist
SE: hyperthermia (cats), panting, constipation

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6
Q

Methadone

A

MOA: full mu agonist, NMDA antagonist
SE: Ileus, constipation

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7
Q

Fentanyl

A

MOA: full mu agonist
SE: Ileus, constipation, urinary retention

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8
Q

Buprenorphine

A

MOA: Partial mu agonist
SE: Sedation, hyperthermia (Cats)

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9
Q

Butorphanol

A

MOA: Partial mu agonist / antagonist; kappa agonist
SE: Poor analgesic, better sedation

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10
Q

Ketamine

A

MOA: NMDA antagonist
SE: increased cardiac output due to increased sympathetic tone, hypertension, increased IOP

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11
Q

Dexmedetomidine

A

MOA: a2-adrenergic agonist
SE: cardiovascular depression, emesis

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12
Q

Lidocaine

A

MOA: NMDA antagonist. Effects of Na, K, and Ca channels (theoretical IV analgesic effects)
SE: Cardiotoxic in cats

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13
Q

Maropitant

A

MOA: NK1 antagonist; reduced binding of substance P
SE: painful injection

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14
Q

Amantadine

A

MOA: NMDA antagonist
SE: CNS stimulation, better for chronic pain than acute

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15
Q

Pregabalin

A

MOA: Inhibition of N+ type voltage-dependent Ca++ channel
SE: sedation

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16
Q

Gabapentin

A

MOA: Inhibition of N+ type voltage-dependent Ca++ channel
SE: sedation

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17
Q

Tramadol

A

MOA: Full mu agonist
SE: sedation, constipation

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18
Q

NSAIDs

A

MOA: COX inhibitors
SE: GI ulceration, renal injury

19
Q

Transient pain in response to a noxious stimulus. Small aches and pains that are relatively innocuous and that protect the body from the environment.

A

Adaptive pain (nociceptive)

19
Q

Spontaneous pain and hypersensitivity to pain in response to tissue damage and inflammation. Occurs with tissue trauma, injury, and surgery. Causes suffering. Responds well to treatment.

A

Adaptive pain (inflammatory)

20
Q

Pain caused by a stimulus that does not normally result in pain.

A

Allodynia

21
Q

Absence of pain in response to stimulation that would normally be painful.

A

Analgesia

22
Q

Medically induced insensitivity to pain. The procedure may render the patient unconscious or numb a body part.

A

Anesthesia

23
Q

A syndrome of sustained burning pain, allodynia, and hyperpathia after a traumatic nerve lesion, often combined with vasomotor and sudomotor dysfunction and later trophic changes.

A

Causalgia

24
Q

Acute anxiety or pain

A

Distress

25
Q

A state of anxiety or restlessness, often accompanied by vocalization

A

Dysphoria

26
Q

An increased response to a stimulus that is normally painful

A

Hyperalgesia

27
Q

Diminished pain in response to a normally painful stimulus

A

Hypoalgesia

28
Q

Increased sensitivity to stimulation, excluding the special senses

A

Hyperesthesia

29
Q

Painful syndrome characterized by an abnormally painful reaction to a stimulus and an increased threshold

A

Hyperpathia

30
Q

Hypersensitivity to pain resulting from abnormal processing of normal input

A

Maladaptive pain (functional)

31
Q

Pain initiated or caused by a primary lesion or dysfunction in the CNS. Often called “central pain”

A

Maladaptive pain (central)

32
Q

Spontaneous pain and hypersensitivity to pain in association with damage to or a lesion in the nervous system

A

Maladaptive pain (neuropathic)

33
Q

Use of more than one drug with different actions to produce optimal analgesia

A

Multimodal analgesia

34
Q

Pain initiated or caused by a primary lesion, dysfunction or transitory perturbation in the PNS or CNS

A

Neurogenic pain

35
Q

Pain initiated or caused by a primary lesion or dysfunction in the PNS or CNS

A

Neuropathic pain

36
Q

A receptor preferentially sensitive to noxious stimulus or a stimulus that would become noxious if prolonged

A

Nociceptor

37
Q

Physiologic component of pain consisting of the processes of transduction, transmission, and modulation of neural signals generated in response to an external noxious stimulus

A

Nociception

38
Q

A stimulus damaging to normal tissues

A

Noxious stimulus

39
Q

An abnormal sensation, whether spontaneous or evoked

A

Paresthesia

40
Q

An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage

A

Pain

41
Q

Administration of an analgesic before pain stimulation

A

Preemptive analgesia

42
Q

Heightened sensitivity that results in altered pain thresholds both peripherally and centrally

A

Wind-up pain

Pharmacology (6 decks)

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