Pain managment

Question 1

What problem leads to over reaction of a lame cow and what is the mechanism

Answer 1

Windup. Increase sensitivity of nerve endings due to repeated nocious stimuli leads to lowering of pain threshold.

Question 2

Which drug suppresses the NMDA receptors

Answer 2

Ketamine

Question 3

If a cow has a lesion on 1 particular claw what is the best method of pain control

Answer 3

Regional IV block with lidocaine

Question 4

A cow has abomasal atony after RDA surgery. What can be used to increase tone and how is it administered

Answer 4

Lidocaine as CRI

Question 5

What are the side effects of xylazine after iv or im administration

Answer 5

Sinus bradychardia
Decreased cardiac output
Bradyarrhytmias

Question 6

Where are the opioid/ morphine receptors located

Answer 6

Spinal and supra-spinal

Question 7

You have an animal in severe pain following arthrodesis surgery. The animal is difficult to handle What would your treatment regimen include

Answer 7

Local anesthetic like lidocaine

Question 8

What is Ketstun and how is it used

Answer 8

Combination of butorphanol, Xylazine and Ketamine in 20:40:60 mg

Question 9

What are the label indications for flunixin

Answer 9

Control of fever and inflammation

Question 10

Name 1 way in which the sting can be taken out of lidocaine injection

Answer 10

Adding sodium bicarbonate in 10:1 ratio of lidocaine to bicarb.