Pain Management and Analgesia Flashcards
VTNE
If a veterinary patient is experiencing pain caused by a primary lesion in the central nervous system, what type of pain is the patient experiencing: Maladaptive pain - functional; Maladaptive pain - central neuropathic pain; Maladaptive pain - neuropathic; or Adaptive pain - nociceptive?
Maladaptive pain - central neuropathic pain because it is pain that is caused by a primary lesion in the central nervous system.
What is the name of the first phase of nociception: Transduction, Transmission, Modulation, or Perception?
Transduction - The first stage of nociception is transduction. Nociceptive pain has the potential to cause tissue damage and is sometimes associated with postoperative pain. Stages: 1) Transduction 2) Conduction 3) Transmission 4) Modulation 5) Perception
Hydromorphone is an opioid analgesic which is widely used in the veterinary industry for the management of pain. This medication is said to have high potential for abuse. It also has an accepted medical purpose with severe restrictions. Hydromorphone falls into what schedule of controlled drugs: Schedule I, Schedule V, Schedule III, or Schedule II?
Schedule II - Schedule II controlled drugs have the potential for severe psychological and physical dependence when abused by humans.
What substance naturally found in the body has analgesic properties: Bile, Histamine, Endorphins, or Potassium?
Endorphins are peptides that activate the body’s opiate receptors, causing an analgesic effect.
Which of the following is an example of a salicylate: aspirin, acetaminophen, gabapentin, or carprofen?
Aspirin - The key active metabolite in aspirin is acetylsalicylic acid. These types of chemicals are derived from plant sources and should be used with extreme caution in cats. Salicylate is a NSAID.
If a horse is rolling and thrashing violently in its stall, it is generally a sign that the house is in pain. Which of the following represents the most common source of pain for horses when they are rolling and thrashing: Osteoarthritis, Laminitis, Gastrointestinal Tract, or Sole abscess?
When a horse is rolling and thrashing violently in its stall, its pain is generally due to the gastrointestinal tract and requires immediate attention.
What is a nociceptor?
A pain receptor
What is allodynia: An exaggerated response to a painful stimula; A pain response to a stimulus that is not usually painful; A lack of response to a painful stimulus; or An absence of sensation in the extremities?
A pain response to a stimulus that is not usually painful - Normal nociception has become compromised and normally painless stimuli may become painful (such as touch, routine movement, mild temperatures, etc.)
Which of the following adjunctive therapies may be used in cases of neuropathic pain: Anticonvulsant, Muscle relaxant, Antihistamine, or Tranquilizer?
Anticonvulsants are often used in conjunction with other analgesics to achieve overall management of pain by blocking the flow of pain signals through the central nervous system. Other adjunctive therapies used in the treatment of neuropathic pain include antidepressants and opioids.
Many medications used in pain control may potentially lead to ileus when used for extended periods of time. Which of the following best describes this condition: Disruption in the heart’s normal rhythm, Disruption of normal movement of the bowels, Disruption in the patient’s ability to urinate normally, or Disruption in normal inspiration and expiration?
Disruption of normal movement of the bowels - Ileus occurs when normal peristalsis stops.
Which of the following best describes the term “distress” as it is used in veterinary medicine: Sudden extreme burst of energy, Sudden absence of movement, Acute onset of discomfort, or Chronic discomfort?
Acute onset of discomfort - Distress refers to the acute onset of any negative signs such as anxiety, pain, or trouble breathing.
