Animal Care and Nursing

Question 1

What is a zoonotic disease?

Answer 1

Any disease that may be shared between humans and animals. May be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or proteins

Question 2

What are the normal parameters for body temperature in a cat

Answer 2

100.0-102.0 degrees F (37.8-39 C)

Question 3

If a bird had a toe fracture, which would most likely be used: Robert Jones bandage, Spica splint, Ball bandage, Figure 8 bandage?

Answer 3

Ball bandage - Ball bandages are used for toe fractures, pododermatitis, or other toe/feet soft tissue injuries.

Question 4

Where is the pericardium found?

Answer 4

Covering the heart

Question 5

What muscle is the only type of muscle that is consciously controlled?

Answer 5

Skeletal

Question 6

What is the medical term for tear production?

Answer 6

Lacrimation

Question 7

What is the term used to describe the phase prior to a seizure?

Answer 7

Prodromal

Question 8

The integumentary system includes which of the following?

Answer 8

Skin

Question 9

True or False: An acute condition is long lasting and usually develops over an extended period of time.

Answer 9

False - An acute condition develops quickly and has a short onset (usually over 1-2 days.)

Question 10

True or False: A pH of 7.2 is said to be acidic.

Answer 10

False - A pH of 7.0 is said to be neutral. A pH above 7.0 is said to be alkaline, not acidic.

Question 11

A pinkeye infection can affect sheep and goats. If the infection is left untreated, it could cause the loss of sight. What is pinkeye most often treated within both species: Propylene glycol, Tetracycline, Dextrose, or Thiamine?

Answer 11

Tetracycline - Pinkeye is most commonly treated with tetracycline in both sheep and goats.

Thiamine is used to treat polioencephalomalacia in bovine, caprine, and ovine. Dextrose and propylene glycol are used to treat nervous ketosis in bovine.

Question 12

A common disease that causes diarrhea in finisher pigs is whipworms. The clinical signs of whipworms include which of the following: A) Anorexia, weight loss, melena, and anemia; B) Anorexia, mucoid, dehydration, and death; C) Colitis, diarrhea, emaciation, and dehydration; D) Dehydration, emaciation, septicemia, and hepatitis?

Answer 12

B) Anorexia, mucoid, dehydration, and death.

Anorexia, weight loss, melena, and anemia are clinical signs associated with proliferative enteropathy. Dehydration, emaciation, septicemia, and hepatitis of salmonella. Colitis, diarrhea, emaciation, and dyhydration of swine dysentery.

Question 13

When a bird owner needs to bring their bird into the veterinary office for examination, the owner should be told all except which of the following: A) Secure the bird in its cage to bring it in, B) Cover the cage with a blanket to protect the bird from weather during transportation, C) Empty the birds water dish prior to bringing in the bird, or D) Clean the cage prior to bringing in the bird.

Answer 13

D) A bird owner should not be told to clean the bird’s cage prior to bringing it in for examination. The veterinarian will use the bird’s environment to help evaluate the bird, and a clean cage will prevent an effective examination.

Question 14

Hematology is used for diagnosic evaluation of avian patients. Which vein is recommended as the venipuncture site in avian patients: Medial metatarsal vein, Left jugular vein, right jugular vein, or basilic vein?

Answer 14

Right Jugular Vein - This vein is recommended because it is large and can be easily found in the avian patient’s neck. It is highly mobile and hard to stabilize; therefore the patient should be properly stabilized for venipuncture. The other sites can be used for avian venipuncture sites, but are not recommended due to their size, immobility, or small volumes of blood.

Question 15

Captive land tortoises should be fed a high percentage of which of the following: Mice, Slugs, Guppies, Dark leafy greens?

Answer 15

Captive land tortoises should be fed a high percentage (around 85%) of dark leafy greens or other vegetables such as red and yellow produce. Land tortoises are mostly herbivores; however, they may eat rodents and insects on occasion.
High percentages of mice, slugs, and guppies are consumed by aquatic tortoises.

Question 16

Erythema is a medical term used to describe which of the following symptoms: Dizziness, redness of the skin, itchiness, or loss of toenails?

Answer 16

Redness of the skin - Erythema is the result of engorged capillaries beneath the skin’s surface, giving it a red appearance.

Question 17

Over supplementing of essential fatty acids can result in which of the following: Anemia, Inappetence, Anxiety, or Diarrhea?

Answer 17

Diarrhea is a commonly observed side effect of over supplementation of fatty acids. Fatty acid supplements are given to pets to treat kidney disease, cancer, skin conditions, arthritis, and flea allergies.

Question 18

Which of the following is most commonly associated with atopy: Excessive energy, Lethargy, Pruritus, or Shedding?

Answer 18

Pruritus - Atopy is a hypersensitivity to environmental allergens. The most common symptom is pruritus, which is commonly experienced during seasons of allergen exposure. Ex: Dog allergic to tree pollen may be more pruritic during spring.

Question 19

What dietary supplement is often given to animals in order to promote joint health: Lysine, Taurine, Glucosamine, and Potassium?

Answer 19

Glucosamine - Glucosamine is often given in conjunction with chondroitin to promote the formation and maintenance of cartilage, which promotes support for joint mobility.

Question 20

What is alopecia?

Answer 20

Partial or complete absence of hair

Question 21

Which of the following is an antimicrobial agent used to prevent infection of burns: Silver nitrate, Dimethyl sulfoxide, Potassium chloride, or Silver sulfadiazine?

Answer 21

Silver sulfadiazine is effective in treating a variety of bacterial infections.

Question 22

What does post cibum (P.C.) mean?

Answer 22

After meals

Question 23

Which of the following abbreviations stands for “as needed?”

Answer 23

PRN

Question 24

What is serum: A) The alkaline fluid that is secreted by the liver and aids in the digestion of food; B) The portion of blood that is neither cells nor clotting factor; C) The first milk that is secreted pre and post partum; D) The enzyme responsible for the digestion of lactose?

Answer 24

Serum is the portion of blood that is neither cells nor clotting factor. Serum is blood plasma with all fibrinogens removed. It is the fluid portion of the blood that is separated during centrifuging.

Question 25

What is the name given to the muscle that provides opposing force in order to smooth out movements: Antagonist, Agonist, Adductor, or Synergist?

Answer 25

Antagonist is the name given to the muscle that provides opposing force in order to smooth out movements. Directly opposes the agonist to balance activity of both muscles.

Question 26

In seizure disorders, what does the term “clonic” describe: Body convulsions, jerking, stiffness, or loss of consciousness?

Answer 26

Jerking - clonic seizures involve repeated jerking movements of the muscles

Question 27

In seizure disorders, what does the term “tonic” describe: Body convulsions, jerking, stiffness, or loss of consciousness?

Answer 27

Tonic seizures involve stiffness. During a tonic seizure, an animal may arch its back, and its limbs will become tense and stiff.

Question 28

True or false, an abscess is a localized pocket of purulent discharge within an area of infected tissue?

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Horses who have just recovered from colic should be fed which of the following: Enteral nutrition; Water-soaked hay; Highly palatable; calorie-dense feed; or Soft feed and fresh grass?

Answer 29

Soft feed and fresh grass

Question 30

All except which of the following are causes of sudden death in cattle: bloat, anthrax, metritis, or anaplasmosis?

Answer 30

Metritis is not generally a cause of sudden death in cattle. It is a uterine infection that offers after a cow has given birth to a calf.

Question 31

Which of the following parasites is known to cause high morbidity and mortality rates in llamas and alpacas: roundworms, tapeworms, lung fluke, or meningeal worm?

Answer 31

Meningeal worms are parasites known to cause high morbidity and mortality rates in llamas and alpacas. White-tailed deer are the normal hosts of this parasite, but it does not affect them.

Question 32

When weighing exotic animals or avian patients, what type of scale must be used: A) Ounce scale that weighs in at least 0.25-ounce increments; B) Pound scale that weighns in at least 0.5-pound increments; C) Ounce scale that weighs in at least 0.01-ounce increments; D) Gram scale that weighs in at least 1-gram increments?

Answer 32

Gram scale that weighs in at least 1-gram increments

Question 33

When a turtle’s shell is damaged due to a traumatic injury, what is normally used to treat the shell: A) Epoxy, resin, and fiberglass patches; B) Antibacterial ointment and fiberglass patches; C) Epoxy resins and dental acrylics; or D) Dental acrylics and sterilized gauze?

Answer 33

A) Epoxy, resin, and fiberglass patches. Veterinary medicine has moved to the practice of using fracture fixation with open wound healing instead of turtle-shell repair.

Question 34

What sort of diet is best suited for a patient in renal failure: a grain-free diet, a diet low in protein, a diet high in fat, or a diet low in carbohydrates?

Answer 34

A diet low in protein slows the progression of renal disease by reducing the amount of work (processing proteins) that must be performed by the kidneys. Protein restriction decreases proteinuria and protects the kidney.

Question 35

What is a common side effect of middle or inner ear infection: Generalized pruritus, Loss of balance, Photosensitivity, or Vomiting?

Answer 35

Loss of balance - Middle or inner ear infections may cause a fluid imbalance or swelling within the structures of the ear. This causes vestibular signs, including loss of balance. Middle or inner ear infections may also cause ear pain, trouble sleeping, irritablilty, difficulty hearing, fever, drainage from ear, or diminished appetite.

Question 36

Intravenous fluid therapy may benefit the patient in what three ways: Fluids, electrolytes, relaxation; Fluids, electrolytes, calories; Fluids, calories, diuresis; or Fluids, calories, gastrointestinal support?

Answer 36

Fluids, electrolytes, calories - IV fluid therapy delivers fluids, as well as electrolytes, and calories (dextrose).

Question 37

The fallopian tubes are included in which major organ systems?

Answer 37

Reproductive

Question 38

True or false, hydrolyzed proteins are a poor food choice for animals who have been diagnosed with food hypersensitivity (food allergy)?

Answer 38

False - Hydrolyzed proteins have been “broken” apart and reassembled into a form that is not easily recognized by the body. Therefore, they cannot induce allergic reactions and would make a good food choice for animals who have been diagnosed with food hypersensitivity.

Question 39

True or false, a chest tube must be kept loose at all times to ensure comfort of the patient and free flow of fluids?

Answer 39

False - A chest tube should be secured at all times to ensure comfort of the patient and free flow of fluids. A chest tube must be firmly attached to the patient at all times to prevent dislodgment. It is often necessary to have the patient wear an E-collar to prevent pawing at the tubes.

Question 40

True or false, an anal sac rupture is a risk of manual anal sac expression?

Answer 40

True - Special care should be taken when expressing anal sacs. Potential risks of this minor procedure include anal sac rupture, perforation of the rectum, or other injury to the anorectal region.

Question 41

Calves and lambs are susceptible to white muscle disease (nutritional myodegeneration) when born to dams that are fed diets deficient in which of the following: Iron, Protein, Potassium, or Selenium?

Answer 41

Selenium (as well as Vitamin E) - Degeneration of skeletal or cardiac muscle may occur when diets are deficient in selenium and vitamin E.

Question 42

What do neonatal pigs require during the first few weeks of their lives due to their lack of fat stores: Milk replacer, Iron dextran injections, Dextrose injections, or Supplemental heat?

Answer 42

Supplemental heat - The temperature of the supplemental heat should be between 92-95 degrees F for seven days, 89-92 degrees for the next seven days, and 86-89 degrees for the last seven days.

Question 43

Captive reptiles must be kept in controlled environments, as their environment regulates their body temperatures. What is the humidity range that is best for captive reptiles: 10-30%; 50-70%; 30-50%; 70-90%?

Answer 43

50-70% - The temperature for captive reptiles also should not fall below 75 degrees F or rise above 90 degrees F.