Anesthesia Flashcards
VTNE
What is the corneal reflex: Involuntary constriction of the eye; Involuntary blinking of the eyelids; Involuntary jerking of the knee; or Involuntary coordination of lens shape and pupil size?
The corneal reflex is an involuntary blinking of the eyelids elicited by stimulation (such as touching or foreign body). The corneal reflex must be present at all times during anesthesia.
What is a laryngoscope?
A lighted instrument used to assist in the insertion of an endotracheal tube. The device is used to depress the tongue and shine light into the larynx, which assists in the insertion of an endotracheal tube.
What is a limiting factor in the practicality of measuring intra-arterial blood pressure: Limited availability, financially infeasible, time consuming, or technically difficult?
Technically Difficult - Intra-arterial blood pressure is extremely accurate and an ideal method of monitoring an anesthetized patient, but it is technically very difficult to perform. Intra-arterial blood pressure monitoring can cause iatrogenic injuries, such as hemorrhage, ischemia, infection, embolization, and vascular insufficiency.
Which of the following anesthetics is reversed with the use of yohimbine: Dopram, Naloxone, Sevoflurane, or Xylazine?
Xylazine - Yohimbine is an agonist for xylazine, causing a reversal of its effects. It is labeled for use in dogs; however, it is used in other species.
When measuring central venous pressure, the tip of the central venous catheter must rest where: Cephalic vein, Jugular vein, Vena cava, and Pulmonary artery?
Vena cava - The tip of the catheter in central venous pressure monitoring must rest in the superior vena cava, or just outside the right atrium. Central venous pressure is the blood pressure measurement of the right atrium and vena cava.
Acepromazine has the potential to produce what significant side effect: Hyperventilation, Hypoxia, Hypotension, or Hypovolemia?
Hypotension - Acepromazine is a tranquilizer that decreases the vasomotor tone, which causes hypotension.
What is the term used to describe breathing characterized by inhaling and holding the breath before forcibly exhaling: Hypoxic, Dyspneic, Hypovolemic, or Apneustic?
Apneustic breathing is characterized by inhaling and holding a breath before exhaling rapidly and forcibly.
Ketamine is a medication that is used to start and maintain anesthesia. What drug schedule does ketamine fall under: Schedule I, Schedule III, Schedule II, or Schedule IV?
Schedule III
Glypyrrolate is which type of drug: Antiemetic, Anticholinergic, Anti-inflammatory, or Antihistamine?
Anticholinergic - Glypyrrolate inhibits the function of acetylcholine, making this drug part of the anticholinergic class of drugs. Glypyrronium bromide is used to treat stomach ulcers, drug-induced abnormalities, and respiratory tract diseases.
Prochlorperazine is which type of drug: Antiemetic, Anticholinergic, Antihistamine, or Sedative?
Antiemetic - Often part of preanesthetic protocols, helps by limiting the effects of nausea and vomiting that may result from the use of anesthetics or analgesics.
Which muscle group is ideal for intramuscular injections: Epaxial, Gluteus, Trapezius, or Pectoral?
Epaxial - Epaxial muscles (dorsal lumbar muscles) are located in the dorsolumbar region. They are preferred for intramuscular injections because they provide the most predictable and reliable absorption of the drug, and they are a muscle mass that is easily accessed. Quadricep muscles and caudal muscles are also good injection sites, but epaxial muscles are preferred.
True or false, tidal volume refers to the amount of anesthesia being administered per hour?
False - Tidal volume is a measurement of the amount of air being exchanged with each breath. An anesthetized patient’s tidal volume should be monitored by watching the reservoir bag’s movement. A mammal’s normal tidal volume is 10 to 20 ml/kg.
True or false, most anesthetic agents are contraindicated for cases of severe azotemia?
True - Anesthesia may be dangerous for patients with moderate to severe azotemia.
If a veterinary patient has a severe head injury, what is its anesthetic risk according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA): High (P4), Moderate (P3), Low (P2), or Extreme (P5)?
Extreme (P5) - Other conditions listed as extreme include pulmonary embolus, gastric dilation-volvulus, and end-stage major organ failure. Patients not expected to live without an operation are normally classified as a P5 with an extreme risk.
When assessing an anesthetized patient’s vital signs, what is an indicator of circulation: Mucous membrane color, Pulse oximetry, Capnography, or Respiratory Rate?
Mucous membrane color - Other indicators of circulation used to assess anesthetized patients are heart rate, heart rhythm, pulse strength, and blood pressure.
