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pain & inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

pain threshold

A

minimum point at which something causes your pain

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2
Q

pain tolerane

A

maximum point of pain you can handle

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3
Q

what does somatic pain involve

A

skin, muscles, soft tissue

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4
Q

where does visceral pain come from

A

internal organs

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5
Q

what is the cause of neuropathic pain

A

damage or disease affecting the somatosensory nervous system

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6
Q

neuropathic pain associated with abnormal sensations

A

dysesthesia

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7
Q

neuropathic pain from normally nonpainful stimuli

A

allodynia

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8
Q

neuropathic pain can be _____ or ______

A

continuous or episodic

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9
Q

pain stimulation is based on

A

opioid receptors in the nervous system and stimulation from chemical mediators

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10
Q

Nurse’s responsibilities regarding pain

A

assessing, intervening, and evaluating therapy

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11
Q

world health ladder to treating pain step 1 (mild pain)

A

non opioid medications

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12
Q

world health ladder to treating pain step 2 (moderate pain)

A

weak opioid medications
non-opioid medications
adjuvant analgesics

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13
Q

world health ladder to treating pain step 3 (severe pain)

A

strong opioid medications
non-opioid medications
adjuvant analgesics

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14
Q

nonopioid analgesics

A

NSAIDS and Tylenol

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15
Q

NSAIDS uses

A

reduce inflammation, pain some fever reduction and decrease platelet aggregation

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16
Q

NSAIDS side effects

A

GI upset, bleeding

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17
Q

NSAIDS considerations

A

many are highly protein bound
some cause sodium/water retention
watch kidney function!!!

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18
Q

NSAIDS contraindications

A

GI bleed
kidney disease

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19
Q

Tylenol uses

A

mild to moderate pain, head aches, fever

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20
Q

Tylenol side effects

A

generally no side effects; possible n/v, rash, anorexia

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21
Q

Tylenol precautions

A

BAD FOR LIVER - liver damage if taken in excess
has a max dose of 4g per day

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22
Q

Tylenol contraindications

A

history of liver damage (cirrhosis)

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23
Q

Opioid examples

A

morphine
codeine
dilaudid
demerol
lortab
oxycontin
percocet
methadone

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24
Q

how do opioids work?

A

activate opioid receptors and blocks painful stimuli in nervous system - works on same site as natural endorphins

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25
opioid uses
suppress painful stimuli, also suppress respirations and cough
26
what are the 7 opioid side effects
n/v constipation hypotension orthostatic hypotension decreased respiratory rate urine retention itching
27
opioid precautions
often given with laxatives to prevent constipation can lead to respiratory arrest (monitor) safety interventions for possible dizziness/drowsiness max dose is typically 2 mg
28
what is the reversal agent for opioids
narcan
29
schedule 1 drugs
most potential for abuse and dependance, not used in medicine
30
schedule 2 drugs
high potential for abuse and dependance, some medical uses
31
schedule 3 drugs
moderate potential for abuse/dependance, acceptable medical uses, prescription required
32
schedule 4 drugs
low potential for abuse, acceptable medical qualities, prescription is required (fewer refill regulations)
33
what do anesthetics do
alleviate pain and cause loss of consciousness by depression of CNS through decreasing firing of neurons and other mechanisms
34
types of anesthetics
general and local
35
5 forms of anesthetics
topical inhaled IV spinal balances
36
anesthetics are _____, ______, and _______
slow, moderate, and rapid acting
37
general anesthesia
patient is unconscious and feels nothing
38
4 examples of general anesthetics
nitrous oxide midazolam fentanyl propofol
39
what are the typical forms of general anesthetics
IV and inhaled
40
5 side effects of general anesthetics
cardiac and respiratory depression hypotension hyperthermia n/v dysrhythmias
41
local anesthetics are directed to....
a certain area to block pain
42
local anesthetic forms
topical spinal epidural
43
3 side effects of local/regional anesthetics
h/a HYPOTENSION rash
44
example of local anesthetic
lidocaine
45
example of regional anesthetics
Ropivacaine
46
4 signs of inflammation
redness swelling heat pain
47
inflammatory mediators
prostaglandins COX-1 and COX-2 enzyme
48
antiinflammatory medications
NSAIDS steroids DMARDS antigout drugs
49
how do steroids reduce inflammation?
by decreasing immune response
50
steroids end in ____
"sone"
51
steroids can cause an increase in these 5 things
blood sugar BP sodium/water retention HR appetite
52
steroids can cause decreased _____
potassium
53
8 side effects of steroids
hyperglycemia HTN sodium and water retention increased HR increased appetite decreased potassium mood changes/irritability insomnia
54
patients taking steroids have a greater risk for ____ and _____
infection and osteoporosis
55
steroids are commonly given to CODP patients to reduce ________
inflammation of bronchioles
56
what should the nurse teach a patient who is given steroids?
they must be tapered usually shorter term cannot be given live vaccines
57
how long should a patient wait to start a steriod pack after getting a vaccine?
14-21 days
58
why shouldn't you crush prednisone tablets?
bitter taste
59
taking steroids with food will help decrease ....
GI upset
60
steroid nursing considerations
decrease salt intake monitor blood sugar may need to take with histamine receptor antagonist
61
4 side effects of 1st generation NSAIDS
GI upset, bleeding, ulcers, tinnitus
62
examples of 1st generation NSAIDS
aspirin motrin toradol naproxen
63
2nd generation NSAIDS do not affect...
platelet aggregation or GI tract
64
2nd generation NSAIDS have less ____ ____
less side effects
65
examples of 2nd generation NSAIDS
celebrex
66
how do NSAIDS decrease platelet aggregation?
inhibition of COX enzyme

Pharm (3 decks)

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