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Pharm > pain & inflammation > Flashcards

pain & inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

pain threshold

A

minimum point at which something causes your pain

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2
Q

pain tolerane

A

maximum point of pain you can handle

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3
Q

what does somatic pain involve

A

skin, muscles, soft tissue

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4
Q

where does visceral pain come from

A

internal organs

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5
Q

what is the cause of neuropathic pain

A

damage or disease affecting the somatosensory nervous system

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6
Q

neuropathic pain associated with abnormal sensations

A

dysesthesia

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7
Q

neuropathic pain from normally nonpainful stimuli

A

allodynia

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8
Q

neuropathic pain can be _____ or ______

A

continuous or episodic

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9
Q

pain stimulation is based on

A

opioid receptors in the nervous system and stimulation from chemical mediators

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10
Q

Nurse’s responsibilities regarding pain

A

assessing, intervening, and evaluating therapy

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11
Q

world health ladder to treating pain step 1 (mild pain)

A

non opioid medications

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12
Q

world health ladder to treating pain step 2 (moderate pain)

A

weak opioid medications
non-opioid medications
adjuvant analgesics

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13
Q

world health ladder to treating pain step 3 (severe pain)

A

strong opioid medications
non-opioid medications
adjuvant analgesics

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14
Q

nonopioid analgesics

A

NSAIDS and Tylenol

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15
Q

NSAIDS uses

A

reduce inflammation, pain some fever reduction and decrease platelet aggregation

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16
Q

NSAIDS side effects

A

GI upset, bleeding

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17
Q

NSAIDS considerations

A

many are highly protein bound
some cause sodium/water retention
watch kidney function!!!

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18
Q

NSAIDS contraindications

A

GI bleed
kidney disease

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19
Q

Tylenol uses

A

mild to moderate pain, head aches, fever

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20
Q

Tylenol side effects

A

generally no side effects; possible n/v, rash, anorexia

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21
Q

Tylenol precautions

A

BAD FOR LIVER - liver damage if taken in excess
has a max dose of 4g per day

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22
Q

Tylenol contraindications

A

history of liver damage (cirrhosis)

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23
Q

Opioid examples

A

morphine
codeine
dilaudid
demerol
lortab
oxycontin
percocet
methadone

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24
Q

how do opioids work?

A

activate opioid receptors and blocks painful stimuli in nervous system - works on same site as natural endorphins

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25
Q

opioid uses

A

suppress painful stimuli, also suppress respirations and cough

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26
Q

what are the 7 opioid side effects

A

n/v
constipation
hypotension
orthostatic hypotension
decreased respiratory rate
urine retention
itching

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27
Q

opioid precautions

A

often given with laxatives to prevent constipation
can lead to respiratory arrest (monitor)
safety interventions for possible dizziness/drowsiness
max dose is typically 2 mg

28
Q

what is the reversal agent for opioids

A

narcan

29
Q

schedule 1 drugs

A

most potential for abuse and dependance, not used in medicine

30
Q

schedule 2 drugs

A

high potential for abuse and dependance, some medical uses

31
Q

schedule 3 drugs

A

moderate potential for abuse/dependance, acceptable medical uses, prescription required

32
Q

schedule 4 drugs

A

low potential for abuse, acceptable medical qualities, prescription is required (fewer refill regulations)

33
Q

what do anesthetics do

A

alleviate pain and cause loss of consciousness by depression of CNS through decreasing firing of neurons and other mechanisms

34
Q

types of anesthetics

A

general and local

35
Q

5 forms of anesthetics

A

topical
inhaled
IV
spinal
balances

36
Q

anesthetics are _____, ______, and _______

A

slow, moderate, and rapid acting

37
Q

general anesthesia

A

patient is unconscious and feels nothing

38
Q

4 examples of general anesthetics

A

nitrous oxide
midazolam
fentanyl
propofol

39
Q

what are the typical forms of general anesthetics

A

IV and inhaled

40
Q

5 side effects of general anesthetics

A

cardiac and respiratory depression
hypotension
hyperthermia
n/v
dysrhythmias

41
Q

local anesthetics are directed to….

A

a certain area to block pain

42
Q

local anesthetic forms

A

topical
spinal
epidural

43
Q

3 side effects of local/regional anesthetics

A

h/a
HYPOTENSION
rash

44
Q

example of local anesthetic

A

lidocaine

45
Q

example of regional anesthetics

A

Ropivacaine

46
Q

4 signs of inflammation

A

redness
swelling
heat
pain

47
Q

inflammatory mediators

A

prostaglandins
COX-1 and COX-2 enzyme

48
Q

antiinflammatory medications

A

NSAIDS
steroids
DMARDS
antigout drugs

49
Q

how do steroids reduce inflammation?

A

by decreasing immune response

50
Q

steroids end in ____

A

“sone”

51
Q

steroids can cause an increase in these 5 things

A

blood sugar
BP
sodium/water retention
HR
appetite

52
Q

steroids can cause decreased _____

A

potassium

53
Q

8 side effects of steroids

A

hyperglycemia
HTN
sodium and water retention
increased HR
increased appetite
decreased potassium
mood changes/irritability
insomnia

54
Q

patients taking steroids have a greater risk for ____ and _____

A

infection and osteoporosis

55
Q

steroids are commonly given to CODP patients to reduce ________

A

inflammation of bronchioles

56
Q

what should the nurse teach a patient who is given steroids?

A

they must be tapered
usually shorter term
cannot be given live vaccines

57
Q

how long should a patient wait to start a steriod pack after getting a vaccine?

A

14-21 days

58
Q

why shouldn’t you crush prednisone tablets?

A

bitter taste

59
Q

taking steroids with food will help decrease ….

A

GI upset

60
Q

steroid nursing considerations

A

decrease salt intake
monitor blood sugar
may need to take with histamine receptor antagonist

61
Q

4 side effects of 1st generation NSAIDS

A

GI upset, bleeding, ulcers, tinnitus

62
Q

examples of 1st generation NSAIDS

A

aspirin
motrin
toradol
naproxen

63
Q

2nd generation NSAIDS do not affect…

A

platelet aggregation or GI tract

64
Q

2nd generation NSAIDS have less ____ ____

A

less side effects

65
Q

examples of 2nd generation NSAIDS

A

celebrex

66
Q

how do NSAIDS decrease platelet aggregation?

A

inhibition of COX enzyme

Pharm (3 decks)

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