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Pharm > GI and GU medications > Flashcards

GI and GU medications Flashcards

1
Q

what are the uses of antiemetics?

A

N/V

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2
Q

action of antiemetics

A

blocks the hyperactive response to chemoreceptor trigger zone

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3
Q

3 side effects of antiemetics

A

drowsiness
dry mouth
constipation

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4
Q

when your pateint is taking antiemetics it is important to…..

A

monitor intake and output
think about safety (is regard to SE)!!!

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5
Q

examples of antiemetics

A

dramamine
phenergan
zofran

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6
Q

why should you avoid giving Phenergan IV?

A

it can cause necrosis of tissue

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7
Q

important things to know about phenergan

A

very strong
can cause over sedation

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8
Q

what forms should phenergan be given in?

A

IM, PO, suppository

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9
Q

what should you monitor in an elderly patient taking Phenergan?

A

metabolic activity - ability to excrete the med

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10
Q

zofran

A

not as strong as phenergan, works quickly with low side effect profile

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11
Q

action of antidiarrheals

A

decrease hypermotility

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12
Q

uses of antidiarrheals

A

diarrhea related to GI illness, bacteria, diet, or drugs

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13
Q

2 side effects of antidiarrheals

A

drowsiness
dizziness

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14
Q

nursing considerations for antidiarrheals

A

they can cause constipation - monitor intake and output

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15
Q

examples of antidiarrheals

A

Lomotil
Immodium
pepto-bismol
koalin and pectin

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16
Q

why does limotil require a prescription

A

because it contains some opioid and atropine

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17
Q

why is it significant that Lomotil contains atropine

A

atropine - increases HR and increase IOP
monitor HR!!!

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18
Q

what is it significant that lomotil contains opioid?

A

monitor RR for respiratory depression

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19
Q

Lomotil contraindications

A

glaucoma

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20
Q

what should the nurse monitor when a patient is taking Lomotil?

A

HR, RR, sedation

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21
Q

immodium does not….

A

penetrate the CNS

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22
Q

immodium can cause what three side effects?

A

nausea, fatigue, drowsiness

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23
Q

what should you teach the patient about pepto bismol?

A

can cause the patient’s tongue and stool to turn black

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24
Q

how do koalin and pectin work?

A

decrease secretions that agitate intestines and calm inflammation of intestines (anti-secretory and anti-inflammatory)

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25
Q

when your patient is taking a laxative what should you monitor?

A

presence of diarrhea and dehydration/electrolyte imbalances

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26
Q

what do laxatives treat?

A

constipation

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27
Q

what are some causes of constipation?

A

decreased fluid intake, decreased physical activity, narcotics, anticholinergics

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28
Q

what are the 4 types of laxatives?

A

osmotic
stimulant
bulk forming
emollients

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29
Q

how do osmotic laxatives work

A

has extra solutes, pulls water into GI tract

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30
Q

osmotic laxatives are _____

A

hyperosmolar

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31
Q

a patient taking an osmotic laxative needs to increase _____, ______, and ______

A

increase fluids, fiber, and exercise

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32
Q

how to stimulant laxatives work?

A

they irritate the lining of the intestines

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33
Q

how do bulk forming laxatives work?

A

add fiber to stool to bulk it up - makes it easier to pass

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34
Q

what is important education regarding bulk forming laxatives?

A

the patient MUST DRINK FLUIDS - or it can cause an obstruction

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35
Q

how do emollients work?

A

stool softeners, bring water into stool to soften it

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36
Q

what is an example of an Emollient?

A

Collace

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37
Q

what is the action of antacids?

A

neutralize HCL acid and reduce pepsin activity

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38
Q

antacids make the stomach more ____

A

alkaline

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39
Q

what are the 3 uses of antacids?

A

ulcer disease, reflux, heart burn

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40
Q

what is the prophylactic use of antacids?

A

stomach ulcers in hospital patients

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41
Q

2 side effects of antacids

A

anorexia
constipation

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42
Q

when are antacids usually taken?

A

1-3 hours after a meal or before bed

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43
Q

what should be avoided when taking antacids?

A

avoid spicy foods

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44
Q

what kind of antacids should NOT be used with impaired renal function?

A

magnesium containing

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45
Q

examples of antacids

A

TUMS
maalox
mylanta

46
Q

antacids with calcium can cause _____, antacids with magnesium can cause ______

A

calcium = constipation
magnesium = diarrhea

47
Q

what antacids contain magnesium?

A

maalox, mylanta

48
Q

what antacids contain calcium?

A

TUMS

49
Q

what should the nurse monitor with antacids?

A

bowel movements/patterns

50
Q

location of stomach ulcers are determined by ____

A

symptoms

51
Q

gastric ulcers

A

cause pain right after eating

52
Q

duodenal ulcers

A

cause pain between meals or 2-3 hours after meals

53
Q

what is peptic ulcer disease?

A

inflammatory erosion of stomach lining

54
Q

6 risks of peptic ulcer disease

A

H. pylori
NSAID use
stress
alcohol
smoking
caffeine

55
Q

what is GERD

A

decreased muscular ton of lower esophogeal sphincter, regurgitation of stomach contents irritate esophagus

56
Q

4 risks of GERD

A

obesity
pregnancy
hiatal hernia
gastroparesis

57
Q

what does GERD cause?

A

epigastric pain
heartburn
bitter taste
dry cough

58
Q

what should you take for current reflux?

A

an antacid

59
Q

how do H2 blockers work?

A

block histamine to decrease acid production

60
Q

when should H2 blockers be taken?

A

during the day or at bedtime

61
Q

ending of H2 blockers

A

dine

62
Q

4 side effects of H2 blockers (specifically tagamet)

A

liver/kidney
agitation
gynecomastia
confusion

63
Q

H2 blockers are ______, while proton pump inhibitors are ______

A

older
newer

64
Q

between H2 blockers and PPIs, which one is prescribed more now?

A

PPIs

65
Q

4 side effects of both H2 blockers and Proton Pump inhibitors

A

head ache
diarrhea
dizziness
constipation

66
Q

how do PPIs work?

A

block acid production in parietal cells

67
Q

why is osteoporosis a risk of long term PPI use?

A

PPIs disturb calcium absorption

68
Q

when do PPIs have to be taken

A

before meals!!!

69
Q

ending of PPIs

A

zole

70
Q

what do pepsin inhibitors do?

A

create a viscous substance that covers the ulcer to protect it from HCL acid

71
Q

pepsin inhibitors are ______

A

mucosal protectives

72
Q

why are pepsin inhibitors used?

A

to protect ulcer from acid/pepsid

73
Q

why do pepsin inhibitors HAVE TO BE GIVEN ON AN EMPTY STOMACH?

A

to allow to ulcer to be coated before eating

74
Q

pepsin inhibitors can cause _____

A

constipation

75
Q

important teaching regarding pepsin inhibitors?

A

allow 1-2 hours between pepsin inhibitors and other meds

76
Q

example of pepsin inhibitor?

A

Sucralfate (Carafate)

77
Q

are men or women more at risk for UTIs and why?

A

women; they have shorter urethras

78
Q

what is the name for a lower UTI?

A

cystitis or urethritis

79
Q

what is the name for an upper UTI?

A

pylenephritis

80
Q

common bacteria that cause UTIs

A

E. coli
proteus
staph
candida

81
Q

5 risks for UTIs

A

female
tight clothes
sex
bath products
catheters

82
Q

signs/symptoms of UTIs

A

dysuria
bursning
urgency
frequency with small amounts
cloudy urine
hematuria

83
Q

what are examples of urinary antiinfectives/antiseptics

A

Macrobid, Monurol
Methanamine

84
Q

antibiotics specifically for urinary tract?

A

macrobid and monurol

85
Q

how can macrobid and monurol be used?

A

to suppress bacteria growth with chronic UTIs

86
Q

side effects of macrobid and monurol

A

GI - N/V, diarrhea

87
Q

macrobid and monurol can turn the urine _____

A

brown

88
Q

macrobid and monurol should be taken with ___

A

food

89
Q

what does methanamine do?

A

helps acidify urine

90
Q

what does the pH of urine have to be for mathenamine to work?

A

5.5

91
Q

what should be taken with methenamine?

A

water and cranberry

92
Q

what should be avoided with methenamine?

A

citrus and antacids

93
Q

medication cannot be taken with methenamine or it will cause urine crystals?

A

Bactrim

94
Q

what is the drug class of Bactrim

A

sulfonamides

95
Q

what does bactrim treat?

A

UTIs

96
Q

when should a patient not take Bactrim?

A

in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy

97
Q

4 side effects of Bactrim?

A

GI upset
urine crystals
photosensitivity
rash

98
Q

how can urine crystals be prevented when taking bactrim?

A

drink lots of fluids!!!

99
Q

what type of bacteria does bactrim kill?

A

gram + and gram -

100
Q

what is the drug class of ciprofloxacin?

A

flouroquinolones

101
Q

what can ciprofloxacin be used for?

A

UTIs

102
Q

what cannot be taken with ciproflaxacin?

A

dairy
antacids
iron

103
Q

should you take ciprofloxacin if you are pregnant?

A

no

104
Q

what is a possible side effect in older adults taking ciprofloxacin?

A

tendonitis

105
Q

5 side effects of ciprofloxacin?

A

GI
photosensitivity
dizziness
fatigue
neuropathy

106
Q

what should the nurse check when administering ciprofloxacin?

A

renal function

107
Q

what is pyridium?

A

a urinary analgesic

108
Q

what does Pyridium do?

A

acts on bladder with analgesic effect, does not treat the actual infection

109
Q

is pyridium OTC or prescription?

A

OTC

110
Q

2 side effects of pyridium

A

head ache
GI upset

111
Q

education regarding pyridium

A

red-orange urine is normal when taking, it can stain

112
Q

pyridium contraindications

A

renal dysfunction

Pharm (3 decks)

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