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PHARMACOLOGY > PAIN AND INFLAMMATORY AGENTS > Flashcards

PAIN AND INFLAMMATORY AGENTS Flashcards

1
Q

class of medications designed specifically to relieve pain

A

analgesics

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2
Q
  • response to tissue injury and infection
  • protective mechanism
A

inflammation

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3
Q

enzyme responsible for conversion of arachidonic acid intro prostaglandins

A

cyclooxygenase (COX)

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4
Q

COX:

  • protects stomach lining
  • regulates blood platelets
A

COX-1

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5
Q

COX:

  • triggers inflammation and pain
A

COX-2

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6
Q
  • prostaglandin inhibitors
  • relieve pain
  • reduce elevated temperature
  • inhibits platelet aggregation
  • NSAIDs
A

anti-inflammatory agents

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7
Q

seven groups of nsaids

A

salicylates
para-chlorobenzoic acid derivatives / indoles
phenylacetic acids
propionic acid derivatives
fenemates
oxicams
selective cox-2 inhibitors

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8
Q
  • aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid
  • anti-inflammatory
  • antiplatelet
  • antipyretic effects
A

salicylates

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9
Q

therapeutic serum salicylate level

A

10-30 mg/dl

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10
Q

toxic serum salicylate level

A

> 40-50 mg/dl

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11
Q

salicylates + anticoagulants

A

affects blood clotting = risk for bleeding

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12
Q

salicylates + glucocorticoids

A

risk for stomach ulcers / GI bleeding

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13
Q

salicylates + oral hypoglycemic drugs

A

risk for low blood sugar / hypoglycemia

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14
Q

salicylates should be taken with ___ to reduce GI upset

A

milk, water, or food

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15
Q

why should salicylates not be taken by children with flu symptoms?

A

to avoid reye syndrome

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16
Q

true or false: salicylates are contraindicated to pregnant women

A

true

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17
Q

swelling of liver and brain

A

reye syndrome

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18
Q
  • indomethacin / sulindac
  • may cause increased BP and sodium and water retention
A

para-chlorobenzoic acid

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19
Q

indicated for:
- rheumatoid arthritis
- gouty arthritis
- osteoarthritis

A

para-chlorobenzoic acid

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20
Q
  • diclofenac na
    indicated for:
  • rheumatoid arthritis
  • osteoarthritis
  • ankylosing spondylitis
A

phenylacetic acid dervatives

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21
Q
  • for short term management of pain
  • 1st injectable NSAIDs
  • greater analgesic effect
A

ketorolac

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22
Q
  • ibuprofens (alaxan, advil, medicol)
  • increase effects of warfarin, sulfonamides, cephalosporins, phenytoin, insulin, and oral hypoglycemics
A

propionic acid derviatives

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23
Q

true or false: propionic acid derivates can be taken with an empty stomach because it is not irritating to the GI lining

A

false - it can cause gastric upset, always take with food

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24
Q
  • for acute and chronic arthritic conditions
  • SE: gastric irritation
A

fenamates

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25
Q

fenamates are contraindicated to patients with ___

A

peptic ulcer

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26
Q
  • mefenamic acid (ponstel, ponstan)
  • meclofenamate sodium monohydrate (meclomen)
A

fenamates

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27
Q
  • proxicam (feldene flash), meloxicam
  • for long term arthritic conditions
A

oxicams

28
Q

SE: lower risk of GI problems, ulceration; epigastric distress

should not be taken with aspirin / other NSAIDs

A

oxicams

29
Q

drug agents:
- celecoxib (celebrex)
- rofecoxib (vioxx)
- nabumetone (relafen)

A

cox-2 inhibitors

30
Q
  • not to be taken during 3rd trimester of pregnancy
  • NSAIDs in the elderly
  • assessment of renal function
  • prescribed NSAID dose may need to be decreased
A

cox-2 inhibitors

31
Q
  • suppressing and preventing many of the components of the inflammatory process at the injured site
  • dexamethasone, prednisone, prednisolone
A

corticosteroids

32
Q

reduces inflammation of the joints due to increased uric acid

A

antigout drugs

33
Q
  • inhibit leukocytes on the inflamed site
  • SE: gastric irritation, NV, diarrhea, abd pain
A

colchicine

34
Q

2 uric acid inhibitors

A

allopurinol
thiazide diuretics

35
Q

uric acid inhibitors

  • inhibits final steps of uric acid synthesis
  • no caffeine and alcohol
  • indicated gout patients with renal impairment
A

allopurinol

36
Q

uric acid inhibitor

  • treats hypertension and prevent fluid retention
  • increase level of uric acid
A

thiazide diuretics

37
Q

alleviates chronic gout

A

uricosurics

38
Q

uricosurics:

  • increase rate of uric acid excretions in the kidneys
  • SE: sore gums, headache, flushed skin
A

probenecid

39
Q

nonopioid analgesics act on ___, while opioid analgesics act on ___

A

PNS, CNS

40
Q

unpleasant sensory and emotional experience related to tissue injury

A

pain

41
Q

2 types of nonopioid analgesics

A
  • NSAIDS
  • acetaminophen
42
Q
  • safe, effective analgesic and antipyretic drug used for muscular aches, pain and fever caused by viral infection
  • hepatotoxic
  • little to no GI distress
A

acetaminiphen

43
Q

therapeutic serum range of acetaminophen

A

5-20 mcg/ml

44
Q

antidote for acetaminophen

A

acetylcysteine (mucomyst)

45
Q
  • opioid agonists
  • can cause addiction
  • analgesia, respi depression, euphoria, and sedation
A

opioid analgesics

46
Q
  • cough suppression
  • antidiarrheal effect
  • SE: NV, constipation, decrease in BP, urinary retention, antitussive effects
A

opioid analgesics

47
Q
  • pain medicine similar to an opioid
  • act in the CNS to relieve pain
A

tramadol

48
Q

___ have been reported in patients taking tramadol. risk of this is high if taking higher doses than recommended

A

seizures

49
Q

maximum dose of tramadol

A

400 mg per day

50
Q

tramadol usual dose TDL HCL

A

50 mg/cap

51
Q

DOLCET components

A

tramadol HCL 37.5 mg
paracetamol 325 mg

52
Q
  • AMI, CA, pulmonary edema
  • as pre-op medication - relieve anxiety
  • oral, iv, im, sq
A

morphine

53
Q

antidote for morphine

A

naloxone (narcan)

54
Q

nursing responsibilities for morphine

A
  • monitor RR, BP, UO, BS
  • antidote at bedside
  • no alcohol / CNS depressants
  • safety
55
Q
  • shorter duration of action than morphine
  • oral, im, iv
  • no antitussive property
A

meperidine (demerol)

56
Q
  • less SE than morphine
  • neurotoxic
  • can decrease BP
A

meperidine (demerol)

57
Q
  • more potent than morphine
  • faster onset, shorter duration of action than morphine
  • oral, rectal, sq, im, iv
A

hydromorphone

58
Q

what should be done to hydromorphone to reduce risk of withdrawal synrome?

A

SIVP - slow IV push

59
Q

what are the symptoms associated with withdrawal syndrome?

A

irritability
diaphoresis
muscle twitching
increased PR and BP

60
Q

preventive treatment for headaches: migraine and cluster

A
  • beta-adrenergic blockers
  • anticonvulsant
  • tricyclic antidepressants
61
Q

treatment / cessation of attack for headaches: migraine and cluster

A

opioid analgesics
ergot alkaloids
selective serotonin

62
Q

long acting opioid analgesics medications for round the clock for acute and chronic pain

A

oxycontin

63
Q

immediate acting opioid analgesic medications for breakthrough pain

A

oxynorm

64
Q
  • oxycodone + naloxone
  • for the management of moderate too severe chronic pain unresponsive to non-narcotic analgesia
  • treatment / prophylaxis of opioid-induced constipation
A

targin

65
Q
  • powerful opioid used as a pain medication and together with other medications for anesthesia
  • 50-100 x more potent than morphine
  • available in transdermal patch and ampule
A

fentanyl

PHARMACOLOGY (9 decks)

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