Pain and Inflammation

Question 1

Redness from localized inflammation is caused by?

Answer 1

vasodilation

Question 2

Swelling from localized inflammation is caused by?

Answer 2

plasma leakage into extracellular space

Question 3

Pain from localized inflammation is caused by?

Answer 3

prostaglandin irritation of nerve endings and pressure of edema

Question 4

Acute Pain

Answer 4

Sudden pain, short lived, usually caused by injury

Question 5

Chronic Pain

Answer 5

Longer than 6 months, difficult to treat

Question 6

What is a nociceptor?

Answer 6

sensory nerve that initiates pain transmittion

Question 7

What is Somatic Pain?

Answer 7

Sharp pain, usually in skeletal muscles, ligaments, and joints

Question 8

What is Visceral Pain?

Answer 8

Dull, throbbing, aching, usually in smooth muscles and organs

Question 9

What is Neuropathic Pain?

Answer 9

burning, shooting, numbing, usually caused by injury to nerves

Question 10

What is Gate Control Theory?

Answer 10

Using other stimuli to stop the experience of pain

Question 11

What are the therapeutic effects of acetaminophen?

Answer 11

fever and pain reduction (does not reduce inflammation)

Question 12

What is the method of action for acetaminophen?

Answer 12

elevate pain threshold, inhibits pyrogens in the brain (blocks formation of prostaglandins in the CNS)

Question 13

What is the brand name of acetaminophen?

Answer 13

Tylenol

Question 14

Is acetaminophen a non-opioid analgesic, or an NSAID?

Answer 14

non-opioid analgesic

Question 15

Contraindications to acetaminophen?

Answer 15

sever liver or kidney disease (metabolism)

Question 16

Maximum dose mg/day of acetaminophen?

Answer 16

4000 mg/day

Question 17

What can increase effect of acetaminophen?

Answer 17

caffeine

Question 18

What does caffeine do when dosed with acetaminophen?

Answer 18

Increases effect

Question 19

Sxs of acetaminophen intoxication?

Answer 19

N/V and GI cramping
clotting times increase
hypoglycemia
abdominal pain
jaundice after 3-5 days

Question 20

What is the antidote for acetaminophen intoxication?

Answer 20

acetylcysteine (NAC) but must be given within 24 hours (8 hours recommended)

Question 21

What is an NSAID?

Answer 21

drug used to treat pain, fever, and inflammation

Question 22

What is brand name of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)?

Answer 22

Aspirin

Question 23

MOA for ASA?

Answer 23

inhibiting enzymes COX-1 and COX-2

Question 24

Therapeutic effect of ASA?

Answer 24

pain reduction
inflammation reduction
fever reduction
decrease platelet aggregation

Question 25

Contraindications for ASA?

Answer 25

Children (especially if flu/cold sxs Reye's syndrome) Pregnancy Renal or hepatic failure GI bleeding/ulcers

Question 26

Side effects of Aspirin?

Answer 26

GI bleeding Tinnitus

Question 27

Can you take ASA with other NSAIDS?

Answer 27

No

Question 28

What are brand names of ibuprofen?

Answer 28

Advil Motrin

Question 29

Therapeutic effects of ibuprofen?

Answer 29

decrease inflammation antipyretic (fever reduction) analgesic (pain reduction)

Question 30

Side effects of ibuprofen?

Answer 30

GI bleeding MI, Sroke

Question 31

Can you take ibuprofen with other NSAIDS?

Answer 31

No

Question 32

What is celecoxib?

Answer 32

NSAID that inhibits COX-2

Question 33

What are therapeutic effects of celecoxib?

Answer 33

Reduce inflammation Reduce pain Treats rheumatoid and osteoarthritis

Question 34

Side effects of celecoxib?

Answer 34

GI effects heartburn abdominal pain

Question 35

What is brand name of sumatriptan?

Answer 35

Imitrex

Question 36

MOA of sumatriptan?

Answer 36

activates serotonin receptors causes vasoconstriction

Question 37

Therapeutic effect of sumatriptan?

Answer 37

stop migraine headache at onset

Question 38

Side effects of sumatriptan?

Answer 38

dizziness warm or cold sensation serotonin syndrome for use with antidepressants

Question 39

What is Gout?

Answer 39

increased uric acid production and reduced uric acid secretion by kidneys

Question 40

What causes pain and inflammation with Gout?

Answer 40

uric acid crystals

Question 41

What does colchicine treat?

Answer 41

Gout

Question 42

What is the brand name of colchicine?

Answer 42

Colcrys

Question 43

MOA of colchicine?

Answer 43

inhibits response of leukocytes in inflammation

Question 44

Therapeutic effect of colchicine?

Answer 44

reduce swelling and pain

Question 45

What is allopurinol used for?

Answer 45

Gout prevention

Question 46

MOA of allopurinol?

Answer 46

prevents formation of uric acid

Question 47

What Schedule has highest potential for abuse with controlled substances?

Answer 47

Schedule 1

Question 48

How many controlled substance schedules are there?

Answer 48

5 Schedules

Question 49

What is morphine sulfate?

Answer 49

opioid analgesic

Question 50

MOA of morphine sulfate?

Answer 50

alter perception of pain at opioid receptors

Question 51

Indication for morphine sulfate?

Answer 51

cancer pain severe pain end of life care

Question 52

Side effects of morphine sulfate?

Answer 52

respiratory depression hypotension (not safe for pregnancy often) N/V Anticholinergic

Question 53

What is brand name of naloxone?

Answer 53

Narcan

Question 54

What are the effects of naloxone?

Answer 54

reverses effects of narcotics

Question 55

What does naloxone compete with?

Answer 55

opioid receptors?

Question 56

Does naloxone have any effect if opioids are not present in the body?

Answer 56

No

Question 57

What is tramadol?

Answer 57

narcotic analgesic

Question 58

What is the brand name of tramadol?

Answer 58

Ultram

Question 59

What are therapeutic effects of tramadol?

Answer 59

pain management less profound respiratory depression

Question 60

Side effects of tramadol?

Answer 60

dizziness fatigue headache

Question 61

What is brand name of gabapentin?

Answer 61

Neurontin

Question 62

Therapeutic effects of gabapentin?

Answer 62

anticonvulsant diabetic neuropathy

Question 63

What reduces absorption of gabapentin?

Answer 63

antacids

Question 64

Can you discontinue gabapentin?

Answer 64

not abruptly must taper off

Question 65

What is prednisone?

Answer 65

corticosteroid

Question 66

What is brand name of prednisone?

Answer 66

Deltasone

Question 67

What are therapeutic effects of prednisone?

Answer 67

anti-inflammatory immunosuppressant

Question 68

Side effects of prednisone?

Answer 68

infection poor wound healing hyperglycemia osteoporosis insomnia weight gain GI ulcers