Nutrition

Question 1

What is Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)?

Answer 1

imbalance of protective (mucous and bicarbonate) vs. aggravating factors (pepsin and gastric acid)

Question 2

Sxs of PUD?

Answer 2

Bleeding
Perforation
Penetration
GI obstruction

Question 3

What is Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)?

Answer 3

stomach acids entering esophagus (usually from relaxed lower esophageal sphincter

Question 4

Risk factors of GERD?

Answer 4

caffeine
alcohol
acidic foods
carbonation
pregnancy
obesity
smoking
nitrates
benzos
anticholinergics
beta blockers
nsaids
tca’s
opioids
levodopa
bisphosphonates
estrogen
progesterone

Question 5

What are the 5 types of PUD and GERD medications?

Answer 5

Proton pump inhibitors (PPI)
H2-receptor antagonists (H2 blockers)
Antacids
Treating H. pylori
Other miscellaneous

Question 6

Most common proton pump inhibitor (PPI) medication?

Answer 6

omeprazole

Question 7

Most common H2-receptor antagonists (H2 blockers)?

Answer 7

famotidine

Question 8

Most common antacid?

Answer 8

aluminum

Question 9

Most common other PUD and GERD medication?

Answer 9

sucralfate

Question 10

MOA of omeprazole?

Answer 10

irreversibly binds to H+/K+ ATPase
inhibits proton pumps from releasing acid

Question 11

What are the therapeutic effects of omeprazole?

Answer 11

treats heartburn
prevents PUD in patient taking NSAIDS
used in treating H. pylori

Question 12

What are side effects of omeprazole?

Answer 12

headache
nausea
diarrhea

Question 13

What decreases absorption when taking omeprazole?

Answer 13

Eating food with medication

Question 14

Contraindication for taking omeprazole?

Answer 14

GI bleed

Question 15

Method of action for famotidine?

Answer 15

blocks acid production by blocking H2 receptors on parietal cells
blocks secretions

Question 16

Therapeutic effects of famotidine?

Answer 16

treatment of PUD and GERD

Question 17

What are side effects of famotidine?

Answer 17

headache
GI: constipation, diarrhea, and abdominal pain
B12 Deficiency
Thrombocytopenia

Question 18

Therapeutic effects of antacids?

Answer 18

neutralizes pH of acid in stomach
treats indigestion, heartburn, PUD, GERD

Question 19

What is the biggest effect after stopping antacids?

Answer 19

REBOUND

Question 20

What levels do we check when taking antacids?

Answer 20

minerals

Question 21

What is brand name of bismuth compounds?

Answer 21

pepto-bismol

Question 22

MOA of bismuth compounds?

Answer 22

mucosal protective agent

Question 23

Who do we not give bismuth compounds to?

Answer 23

Children under 3 since ASA in it (Reye’s Syndrome)

Question 24

Side effects of bismuth compounds?

Answer 24

darkening stool and tongue
metallic taste
bleeding tendency

Question 25

When should you take antacid in relation to other medications?

Answer 25

Either 1 hour before or 2 hours after

Question 26

What is treatment of H. pylori?

Answer 26

bismuth omeprazole amoxicillin, metronidazole

Question 27

What is the physical comparison of sucralfate?

Answer 27

Spackle on the the wall (smearing it on lining)

Question 28

MOA of sucralfate?

Answer 28

makes thick substance which sticks to gastric or duodenal ulcer surface

Question 29

Therapeutic effects of sucralfate?

Answer 29

protect ulcer/erosion from further injury or irritation

Question 30

Most common side effect of sucralfate?

Answer 30

constipation

Question 31

What does sucralfate need in order to stick?

Answer 31

acid (do not take antacids)

Question 32

What is the vomiting center?

Answer 32

Brain

Question 33

What are some non-pharmalogical treatments of N/V?

Answer 33

ginger or peppermint carbs, bananas acupuncture hydration

Question 34

What does meclizine treat?

Answer 34

N/V dizziness and vertigo

Question 35

What do you use scopolamine for?

Answer 35

amnesia and sedation as a preanesthetic medication prophylaxis for motion sickness

Question 36

What are the uses for dronabinol?

Answer 36

chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting appetite stimulant

Question 37

Cautions for use of dronabinol?

Answer 37

drowsiness monitor psychiatric sxs monitor cardiac status

Question 38

What are uses of ondansetron?

Answer 38

treatment and preventing N/V