Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

neurophysiology > PAIN > Flashcards

PAIN Flashcards

1
Q

________ is the response to noxious stimuli that are damaging or potentially damaging to normal tissues

A

Pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is pain?

A

is the response to noxious stimuli that are damaging or potentially damaging to normal tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Processes of pain perception

  1. Tr__duction
  2. Tran__ssion
  3. Pe__ption
  4. M___lation
A
  1. Transduction
  2. Transmission
  3. Perception
  4. Modulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Processes of pain perception

A
  1. Transduction
  2. Transmission
  3. Perception
  4. Modulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Structures in pain perception

  1. fo__brain (cerebral cortex- thalamus, hypothalamus )
  2. Mi__rain – periaqueductal grey matter, reticular formation, locus coeruleus
  3. M__ulla oblongata - nucleus reticularis, gigantocellularis, rucleus raphe
  4. S__al cord (Dorsal root ganglion and horn, Nerve fibres, C- fibres, delta- fibres)
A
  1. forebrain
  2. Midbrain
  3. Medulla oblongata
  4. Spinal cord
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Structures in pain perception

A
  1. forebrain (cerebral cortex- thalamus, hypothalamus )
  2. Midbrain – periaqueductal grey matter, reticular formation, locus coeruleus
  3. Medulla - nucleus reticularis, gigantocellularis, rucleus raphe
  4. Spinal cord (Dorsal root ganglion and horn, Nerve fibres, C- fibres, delta- fibres)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pain process

It involves a complicated ______ of ph___cochemical reactions leading to the perception of an ________ sensation from actual or potential tissue damage

A

myriad, physicochemical, unpleasant, tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is Pain process

A

It involves a complicated myriad of physicochemical reactions leading to the perception of an unpleasant sensation from actual or potential tissue damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mechanisms of Pain

  1. _________ pain- arises from tissue damage
  2. _________ pain- damage to the neural pathway of pain
  3. ___________ pain
A
  1. Nociceptive pain
  2. Neuropathic pain
  3. Hypersentivity pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Mechanisms of Pain are

A
  1. Nociceptive pain- arises from tissue damage
  2. Neuropathic pain- damage to the neural pathway of pain
  3. Hypersentivity pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what mechanism of pain arises from tissue damage?

A

Nociceptive pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what mechanism of pain arise from damage to the neural pathway of pain?

A

Neuropathic pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the Function of Pain?

A

To alert the body to potential damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Noxious Stimuli of pain include:

A
  1. Chemical
  2. Thermal
  3. Mechanical
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The _____ must reach the threshold for tissue damage in order to cause pain

A

stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The stimuli must reach the threshold for tissue damage in order to cause pain

TRUE OR FALSE

A

The stimuli must reach the threshold for tissue damage in order to cause pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Types of pain

  1. ______ pain (sudden in onset and sharp)
  2. _______ pain (lasts longer period of time)
  3. ________ pain (happens in between regular scheduled analgesics or changes of posture)
  4. ____ pain (due mainly to cancer and ischaemic diseases)
  5. _________ pain (arise from organ or tissue damage)
  6. _____ pain (follows damages to nerves)
  7. ________ pain (pain located at a part of the body is felt elsewhere)
  8. ________ pain - pain felt in a part of the body that has been removed eg amputation
  9. _____ pain- includes emotional, social and spiritual factors that affect a persons perception of pain
  10. __________ pain - affected by psychological factors, often times have physical origin (tissue or nerve damage) but the pain is increased in intensity or prolonged by fear, stress, anxiety or depression
A
  1. Acute pain
  2. chronic
  3. Breakthrough
  4. Bone
  5. Soft Tissue
  6. Nerve
  7. Referred
  8. Phantom
  9. Total
  10. Psychogenic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Types of pain

A
  1. Acute pain (sudden in onset and sharp)
  2. Chronic pain (lasts longer period of time)
  3. Breakthrough pain (happens in between regular scheduled analgesics or changes of posture)
  4. Bone pain (due mainly to cancer and ischaemic diseases)
  5. Soft Tissue pain (arise from organ or tissue damage)
  6. Nerve pain (follows damages to nerves)
  7. Referred pain (pain located at a part of the body is felt elsewhere)
  8. Phantom pain - pain felt in a part of the body that has been removed eg amputation
  9. Total pain- includes emotional, social and spiritual factors that affect a persons perception of pain
  10. Psychogenic pain - affected by psychological factors, often times have physical origin (tissue or nerve damage) but the pain is increased in intensity or prolonged by fear, stress, anxiety or depression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what type of pain is sudden in onset and sharp

A

Acute pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what type of pain lasts longer period of time

A

Chronic pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what type of pain happens in between regular scheduled analgesics or changes of posture

A

Breakthrough pain

22
Q

what type of pain is due mainly to cancer and ischaemic diseases

A

Bone pain

23
Q

arise from organ or tissue damage

A

Soft Tissue pain

24
Q

what type of pain follows damages to nerves

A

Nerve pain

25
Q

what type of pain located at a part of the body is felt elsewhere

A

Referred pain

26
Q

what type of pain felt in a part of the body that has been removed eg amputation

A

Phantom pain

27
Q

what type of pain includes emotional, social and spiritual factors that affect a persons perception of pain

A

Total pain

28
Q

what type of pain affected by psychological factors, often times have physical origin (tissue or nerve damage) but the pain is increased in intensity or prolonged by fear, stress, anxiety or depression

A

Psychogenic pain

29
Q

Pain measurement

\_\_\_\_ are excruciating and unbearable
\_\_ – Very intense 
\_\_ – very distressing 
\_\_ -	Tolerable
\_\_– Very mild
A 
8- 10 are excruciating and unbearable
7 – Very intense 
5 – very distressing 
3 -	Tolerable
1 – Very mild
30
Q

__________ is the set point peculiar to each individual for the perception of a stimulus as pain

A

Pain threshold

31
Q

What is Pain threshold?

A

is the set point peculiar to each individual for the perception of a stimulus as pain

32
Q

__________ are Sensory neurons that respond to damaging or potentially damaging stimuli

Transduce noxious stimuli into receptor potentials which initiate action potentials in the nerve fibres

Transmit signals to spinal cord and brain
Found in the skin, muscle, joints, bone and viscera

A

Nociceptors

33
Q

what are Nociceptors

A

are Sensory neurons that respond to damaging or potentially damaging stimuli

Transduce noxious stimuli into receptor potentials which initiate action potentials in the nerve fibres

Transmit signals to spinal cord and brain
Found in the skin, muscle, joints, bone and viscera

34
Q

Types of Nociceptors

  1. Me____sensitive
  2. Mech___thermal
  3. Pol__odal – specifically associated with C fibres
A
  1. Mechanosensitive
  2. Mechanothermal
  3. Polymodal – specifically associated with C fibres
35
Q

Types of Nociceptors

A
  1. Mechanosensitive
  2. Mechanothermal
  3. Polymodal – specifically associated with C fibres
36
Q

Mechanoreceptors involves:

  1. Me__le disc
  2. M___sners corpuscle
  3. Pa__ian corpuscle
  4. Ruf__fini corpuscle
A
  1. Merkle disc
  2. Meissners corpuscle
  3. Pacinian corpuscle
  4. Ruffini endings corpuscle
37
Q

Mechanoreceptors involves:

A
  1. Merkle disc
  2. Meissners corpuscle
  3. Pacinian corpuscle
  4. Ruffini endings corpuscle
38
Q

On mechanoreceptors

which mechanoreceptor is unencapsulated but has specialised disc ending and responds to light touch in skin

A

Merkle’s disc

39
Q

On mechanoreceptors

which mechanoreceptor light touch and vibration sense

A

Meissner’s corpuscle

40
Q

On mechanoreceptors

which mechanoreceptor respond to vibration sense and pressure in skin (mainly transient sensation)

A

Pacinian corpuscle

41
Q

On mechanoreceptors

which mechanoreceptor respond to stretching of skin, sustained pressure on skin and heat perception

A

Ruffini endings or corpuscle

42
Q

On mechanoreceptors

what is Merkle’s disc?

A

unencapsulated but has specialised disc ending and responds to light touch in skin

43
Q

On mechanoreceptors

what is Meissner’s corpuscle

A

light touch and vibration sense

44
Q

On mechanoreceptors

what is Pacinian corpuscle

A

respond to vibration sense and pressure in skin (mainly transient sensation)

45
Q

On mechanoreceptors

what is Ruffini endings or corpuscle

A

respond to stretching of skin, sustained pressure on skin and heat perception

46
Q

Visceral pain

The viscera are : - 
1.  insensitive to 
 \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
  	Sensitive to 
2. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A
  1. Touching
    Cutting
    Pinching
    • pain
47
Q

Visceral stimulants include,

3.

A
  1. distention,
  2. excessive contraction,
  3. irritation by toxins and chemicals
48
Q

Transmission of visceral pain

  1. Afferent fibres in the sympathetic nervous system from the ________ and _________ cavities
  2. Afferent fibres in the parasympathetic nervous system from the______ area
  3. Organic sensations like hunger, satiety, sense of fullness, nausea are mediated by the _______ nerve
A
  1. thoracic and abdominal cavities
  2. sacral area
  3. vagus nerve
49
Q

Transmission of visceral pain

A
  1. Afferent fibres in the sympathetic nervous system from the thoracic and abdominal cavities
  2. Afferent fibres in the parasympathetic nervous system from the sacral area
  3. Organic sensations like hunger, satiety, sense of fullness, nausea are mediated by the vagus nerve
50
Q

Referred pain

A

Pain from a viscus may appear as if arising in a part of the body innervated by the same segment

Proximity of nerve fibres occurs in the posterior horn of the spinal cord or the thalamus
51
Q

________ _____ is a Pain initiated by stimulation of nociceptors in the ligaments, tendons, bones, blood vessels fasciae and muscles

A

Deep pain

52
Q

______ pain is dull, aching and poorly localised

Examples are seen in sprain and broken bone

A

Deep pain

neurophysiology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions