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NEUROPHYSIOLOGY > MOTOR SYSTEM > Flashcards

MOTOR SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

The ______________ comprises the set of central and peripheral structures in the nervous system that execute movements

A

motor system

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2
Q

What is motor system?

A

The motor system comprises the set of central and peripheral structures in the nervous system that execute movements

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3
Q

Function of the motor system

A

The motor system is responsible for the planning and execution of various motor activities both consciously and unconsciously

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4
Q

Function of the motor system

The motor system is responsible for the _________ and _________ of various motor activities both ___________ and _____________

A

planning and execution

consciously and unconsciously

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5
Q

What are the Pyramidal system?

A

Comprises the collection of efferent motor fibres from the precentral motor cortex of the frontal lobe of the brain.

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6
Q

Pyramidal System

Comprises the collection of efferent motor fibres from the precentral ________ ________ of the frontal lobe of the brain.

A

motor cortex

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7
Q

What is Pyramidal System

A

Comprises the collection of efferent motor fibres from the precentral motor cortex of the frontal lobe of the brain.

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8
Q

The Pyramidal system consists of the ___________ and ____________ tracts

A

corticospinal and corticobulbar

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9
Q

70% of the pyramidal fibers decussate in the lower half of the _________ and terminate in the ventral part of the ____________

A

lower half of the medulla, spinal cord,

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10
Q

In the Pyramidal tract 70% of the pyramidal fibers decussate in the?

A

lower half of the medulla and terminate in the ventral part of the spinal cord

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11
Q

30% continue to the spinal cord where decussation occurs at the _______ level in the lateral part of ________ cord

A

spinal levels, spinal cord

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12
Q

In the Pyramidal tract 30% of the pyramidal fibers?

A

continue to the spinal cord where decussation occurs at the spinal levels in the lateral part of spinal cord

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13
Q

The pyramidal structure is supplied by the ________________ artery

A

lenticulostriate artery

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14
Q

The pyramidal system is involved in _________ actions`

A

voluntary actions`

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15
Q

___________________ is a collection of nuclei which form part of the motor system involved in involuntary actions

A

The extrapyramidal system

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16
Q

The extrapyramidal tracts are modulated by the higher centres in the CNS

3.

A
  1. Basal ganglia
  2. Cerebellum
  3. Vestibular nucleus
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17
Q

The extrapyramidal tracts are modulated by the higher centres in the CNS

  1. B__al ganglia
  2. Ce__bellum
  3. Ve__bular nucleus
A
  1. Basal ganglia
  2. Cerebellum
  3. Vestibular nucleus
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18
Q

The _________________ _______ is located in the reticular formation of the pons and medulla with extensive connections to the cerebellum and other subcortical structures

A

extrapyramidal system

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19
Q

The extrapyramidal system is located?

A

Located in the reticular formation of the pons and medulla with extensive connections to the cerebellum and other subcortical structures

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20
Q

The components of the extrapyramidal tract include:

Nb: Rubro,tecto,olivo spinal tract

PM Reticulospinal tract

A
  1. Rubrospinal tract
  2. Vestibulospinal tract
  3. Tectospinal tract
  4. Olivospinal tract
  5. Pontine reticulospinal tract
  6. Medullary reticulospinal tract

Nb: Rubro,tecto,olivo spinal tract

PM Reticulospinal tract

21
Q

The components of the extrapyramidal tract include:

  1. R__rospinal tract
  2. V__tibulospinal tract
  3. Te__ospinal tract
  4. O__ospinal tract
  5. Po__ine reticulospinal tract
  6. Me__lary reticulospinal tract

Nb: Rubro,tecto,olivo spinal tract

PM Reticulospinal tract

A
  1. Rubrospinal tract
  2. Vestibulospinal tract
  3. Tectospinal tract
  4. Olivospinal tract
  5. Pontine reticulospinal tract
  6. Medullary reticulospinal tract

Nb: Rubro,tecto,olivo spinal tract

PM Reticulospinal tract

22
Q

___________________ LMN in the Spinal cord that are involved in reflexes, motions, complex movements and position control

A

lower motor neurons

23
Q

_______________ are the myelinated alpha motor neurons that connect the CNS with skeletal muscle fibres.

They are involved in voluntary movements.

A

Lower motor neurons

24
Q

Functions of lower motor neuron

  1. Initiate movement actions under ________ and _________ controls
  2. Generate propagated ______ ________ that affect both fast- twitch and slow- twitch skeletal muscle fibres.
  3. Elaborate ___________ at the neuromuscular junction terminals where the nerve endings synapse with the muscle fibres
  4. Ach causes depolarization of the muscle fibres which causes __________ of the muscle
A
  1. cortical and sub cortical
  2. action potentials
  3. acetyl choline
  4. contraction
25
Q

Functions of lower motor neuron

A
  1. Initiate movement actions under cortical and sub cortical controls
  2. Generate propagated action potentials that affect both fast- twitch and slow- twitch skeletal muscle fibres.
  3. Elaborate acetyl choline at the neuromuscular junction terminals where the nerve endings synapse with the muscle fibres
  4. Ach causes depolarization of the muscle fibres which causes contraction of the muscle
26
Q

__________Comprises a motor neuron axon and its terminals with the skeletal muscle fibres it innervates

A

Motor unit

27
Q

What is a Motor unit

A

Comprises a motor neuron axon and its terminals with the skeletal muscle fibres it innervates

28
Q

_____________ _______a specialized proprioceptive structures that are embedded in muscle fibres that monitor their degree of contraction/ relaxation of skeletal muscles

A

Muscle spindle

29
Q

What is Muscle spindle?

A

a specialized proprioceptive structures that are embedded in muscle fibres that monitor their degree of contraction/ relaxation of skeletal muscles

30
Q

__________________ (GTO)
Measures the amount of force applied to a tendon

A proprioceptive sensory receptor organ that detects changes in muscle tension

A

Golgi Tendon Organ

31
Q

What is Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO)

A

Measures the amount of force applied to a tendon

A proprioceptive sensory receptor organ that detects changes in muscle tension

32
Q

Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO) is located at the origins and insertion of ________ _______ fibres into the tendons

A

skeletal muscle fibres

33
Q

Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO) is located in

A

It is located at the origins and insertion of skeletal muscle fibres into the tendons

34
Q

Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO) is activated by

A

activated by stretch or active contraction of a muscle

35
Q

Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO) is activated by __________ or ________ contraction of a muscle

A

stretch or active contraction

36
Q

____________ is Defined as muscle resistance to passive movement
Also can be defined as the continuous passive contraction of the muscle at rest

A

Muscle Tone

37
Q

______________ is Defined as the resistance of muscle to active movement

A

Muscle Power

38
Q

Clinical implication of the motor system

  1. The motor system is essential for _______ and __________
  2. ________ activities are essential for normal daily living activities
A
  1. posture and movements

2. Voluntary

39
Q

Clinical implication of the motor system

2.

A
  1. The motor system is essential for posture and movements

2. Voluntary activities are essential for normal daily living activities

40
Q

Diseases of the motor system can arise from

4.

A
  1. Brain
  2. Spinal cord
  3. Nerves
  4. Muscle
41
Q

The _________ coordinates postures and movements of the body.
The upright bipedal gait depends on the integration of postural control and locomotion

A

cerebellum

42
Q

_________ ________ are controlled through the reticular formulation and descending pathways in the ventromedial spinal cord.

A

Locomotor synergies

43
Q

Locomotor synergies are controlled through

A

reticular formulation and descending pathways in the ventromedial spinal cord.

44
Q

________ is a Neurological condition charaterised by
Hypokinesia/Bradikinesia, Rigidity, Tremors

it refers to impairment of the functions of the basal ganglia leading to the manifestation of Parkinsonian features

A

PARKINSONISM

45
Q

What is PARKINSONISM

A

s a Neurological condition charaterised by
Hypokinesia/Bradikinesia, Rigidity, Tremors

it refers to impairment of the functions of the basal ganglia leading to the manifestation of Parkinsonian features

46
Q

Erect posture depends on

  1. Sensory information about the position of the body centre relative to the environment, support surface and ____________________ force
A

gravitational

47
Q

Erect posture depends on

A
  1. Sensory information about the position of the body centre relative to the environment, support surface and gravitational force
48
Q

Sensory information comes from

  1. V__al system
  2. V__bular system
  3. Proprioceptors in the m__cle spindles, G__gi tendon organ, pressure and touch receptors in the skin
A
  1. Visual system
  2. Vestibular system
  3. Proprioceptors in the muscle spindles, Golgi tendon organ, pressure and touch receptors in the skin
49
Q

Sensory information comes from

A
  1. Visual system
  2. Vestibular system
  3. Proprioceptors in the muscle spindles, Golgi tendon organ, pressure and touch receptors in the skin

NEUROPHYSIOLOGY (5 decks)

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