Pain

Question 1

What are the three components of pain

Answer 1

• Sensory
• Affective-motivational
• Cognitive-evaluative

Question 2

What is descarte’s historical perspective on pain

Answer 2

Fluid-filled nerves transmit processing to the brain

Question 3

What mechanisms travel by the medial meniscal pathway

Answer 3

mylentated Abeta mechanoreceptors, Aalpha and Adelta

Question 4

What type of signals travel via the medial meniscal pathway

Answer 4

Touch, vibration, 2-point discrimination, body in space

Question 5

What mechanisms travel by the spinothalamic pathway

Answer 5

Lightly mylineated Adelta, unmylinated C-fibres

Question 6

What type of signals travel via the spinothalamic pathway

Answer 6

Noxious sensations

Question 7

What is the nociceptive flexion reflex

Answer 7

Pathway from peripheral stimulus -> nociceptive signal -> dorsal horn -> withdrawal motor signal

Question 8

What is NFR a measure of

Answer 8

Spinal hyperexcitability

Question 9

Can NFR be modulated by top-down processing

Answer 9

Yes

Question 10

What is central sensation

Answer 10

Heightened pain sensation caused by imbalance in excitatory and inhibitory signals

Question 11

What is allodynia

Answer 11

Experience of pain to an innocuous stimulation

Question 12

What types of patients is allodynia common in

Answer 12

Amputees or people with neuropathic injuries

Question 13

What is hyperalgesia

Answer 13

Increased pain from stimulation that normally provokes pain

Question 14

What is primary hyperalgesia

Answer 14

Increased pain at location of injury

Question 15

What is secondary hyperalgesia

Answer 15

Increaed magnitude and modality of pain

Question 16

Does repeated stimulation leasd to an increase in pain intensity

Answer 16

Yes

Question 17

How does repeated stimulation lead to an increase in pain intensity

Answer 17

Disinhibiting nociceptive input to the dorsal horn

Question 18

What does capsaicum do

Answer 18

Cause pain but no tissue damage

Question 19

Does capsaicum generate primary and secondary hyperalgesia

Answer 19

Yes

Question 20

If you take a peripheral nerve block does that prevent secondary hyperalgesia

Answer 20

Yes

Question 21

What pathway does sensory-discriminative pain take

Answer 21

Lateral ascending pathway

Question 22

What pathway does motivational-affective pathway take

Answer 22

Medial ascending pathway

Question 23

What is the route of the sensory-discriminative pathway

Answer 23

via thalamus to somatosensory cortex

Question 24

What is the route of the motivational-affective pathway

Answer 24

via medial thalamus to amygdala and insula

Question 25

What type of strucutral change is seen in chronic pain

Answer 25

Atrophy of the thalamus

Question 26

What type of functional change is seen in chronic pain

Answer 26

Reorganisation of the somatosensory cortex and motor cortex

Question 27

Does local anesthetic lead to acute deafferation

Answer 27

Yes

Question 28

Does amputation lead to chronic deafferation

Answer 28

Yes

Question 29

How does the motor cortex change in chronic pain

Answer 29

Loss of feedback loop for motor processing

Question 30

Does the degree of pain related to the degree of remapping of motor organisation

Answer 30

Yes

Question 31

What is the feeling that a limb is not your owne

Answer 31

Somatoparaphremia

Question 32

What is the lack of awareness of your limbs

Answer 32

Asomatognosia

Question 33

What is complex regional pain syndrome

Answer 33

Pain generated by teh spinal and central processing disturbances

Question 34

Is complex regional pain syndrome related to lateral or contralateral reorganisation

Answer 34

Contralateral - reorganisation of the good limb

Question 35

What is a fear of reinjury

Answer 35

Kineseophoba

Question 36

Is the disinhbition of descending pathways bad

Answer 36

Yes

Question 37

What does the inhibition of descending pathways result in

Answer 37

Less pain

Question 38

Do rodents experience stress induced analgesia

Answer 38

Yes

Question 39

Is there an attentional bias towards pain

Answer 39

Yes

Question 40

Is the attentional bias towards pain greater in people with chronic pain

Answer 40

No

Question 41

Are women with fibromyalgia more prone to distractibility in Wisonsin card tasks

Answer 41

Yes

Question 42

Do women with fibromyalgia have a bias to disadvantageous decks in the Iowa gambling task

Answer 42

Yes

Question 43

Does fear lead to an increase or decrease in pain reactivity

Answer 43

Decrease

Question 44

Does anxiety lead to an increase or decrease in pain reactivity

Answer 44

Increase

Question 45

If you see someone stoic take pain are you more or less likely to experience pain

Answer 45

less

Question 46

Do sensory or emotional images modulate the NFR more

Answer 46

sensory

Question 47

If you are more empathetic do you have a greater NFR

Answer 47

Yes - but pain is less intense

Question 48

When viewing media of others in pain what regions are activated

Answer 48

Somatosensory cortices and inferior parietal regions

Question 49

Is your motor evoked potential reduced when viewing media of others in pain

Answer 49

Yes

Question 50

Do people with high hypervigilance to pain have fewer vicarious pain repsonse

Answer 50

Yes

Question 51

Do people who experience vicarious pain have dampened theta activity (cognitive emotional processing) when viewing pain

Answer 51

yes

Question 52

Do people who experience vicarious pain have gerater motor cortext activity

Answer 52

yes